影响交叉口控制方式选择的主要因素的筛选与权重分析

城市平面交叉口是城市道路网络的基本节点，对其实施舍理的控制，是解决交叉口问题的关键。影响交叉口控制方式选择的因素很多，因此必须对各种影响因素做出筛选，找到主要的影响因素，才能合理地确定控制方式。相关的研究成果可以应用于交叉口的改造．并为交叉口的综合效益分析奠定基础。     

城市道路交叉口行人违章行为心理研究

交叉口是各种交通工具的交汇点,行人在交叉口的违章行为很突出,是诱发交通事故的主要原因之一.为了找出行人违章的行为规律和原因,通过在交叉口观测,对违章行人进行访谈以及对特定对象进行调查问卷,了解行人违章的规律和心理原因,并分析了行人违章的心理活动过程.指出行人违章的主要原因是节约时间、交叉口设计不合理、从众心理、侥幸心理、无人管理等,由于安全需要的优势地位被其他需要取代,客观环境又为行人违章提供了条件,在各种条件的共同作用下,最终产生了违章行为.最后,结合行人违章行为的心理分析结论,提出加强安全教育,改善行人交通设施,加大对违章行人处罚力度三方面措施,减少和预防行人违章行为的发生.     

基于道路平面交叉口安全的视距评价

平面交叉口是整个道路网中安全较为薄弱的环节,每条车道都应该能为驾驶员提供足够的视距来保证行车的安全.针对于交叉口视距评价问题,文章阐述了二维停车视距模型和模型的计算方法,给出了不同类型交叉口处的视距评价方法,并利用视距三角形对泰州某些具体交叉口展开视距安全评价,提出了改善措施,可为保障交叉口视距和提高交叉口安全性提供参考.     

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混合交通是我国城市交通的主要特征，特别是在平面信号交叉口。同相位不同方向行驶的机动车和自行车之间产生大量的干扰，严重影响了交叉口的通行能力，增加了安全隐患，给交通管理带来了难以治理的问题。微观行为模型是研究机非混合交通的有效工具，本文基于三相位信号控制交叉口处的机非混合交通问题，分析了影响机动车右转弯通过交叉口的主要因素，建立了右转机动车在信号交叉口内穿越直行自行车的微观行为模型和自由行驶模型，并利用实测数据对模型参数进行了标定，验证了模型的有效性。该模型揭示了信号交叉口处的机非干扰机理，为进一步研究混合交通条件下机动车的微观行为模型提供了一种方便、高效的仿真分析手段。     

现代有轨电车交叉口交通组织研究

现代有轨电车通常采用地面线路,其在城市道路断面中的布置形式以及在交叉路口的交通组织形式对有轨电车的运营效率和城市交通运输系统有重要影响.对现代有轨电车路权分类、车道布置形式、交叉路口交通组织方式进行了分析,为我国城市发展现代有轨电车提供参考.     

Modeling delay at signalized intersections with channelized right‐turn lanes considering the impact of blockage

This paper presents a probabilistic delay model for signalized intersections with right‐turn channelization lanes considering the possibility of blockage. Right‐turn channelization is used to improve the capacity and to reduce delay at busy intersections with a lot of right‐turns. However, under heavy traffic conditions the through vehicles will likely block the channelization entrance that accrues delay to right‐turn vehicles. If the right‐turn channelization gets blocked frequently, its advantage in reducing the intersection delay is neglected and as a result the channelization lane becomes inefficient and redundant. The Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) neglects the blockage effect, which may be a reason for low efficiency during peak hours. More importantly, using HCM or other standard traffic control methods without considering the blockage effects would lead to underestimation of the delay. To overcome this issue, the authors proposed delay models by taking into account both deterministic and random aspects of vehicles arrival patterns at signalized intersections. The proposed delay model was validated through VISSIM, a microscopic simulation model. The results showed that the proposed model is very precise and accurately estimates the delay. In addition, it was found that the length of short‐lane section and proportion of right‐turn and through traffic significantly influence the approach delay. For operational purposes, the authors provided a step‐by‐step delay calculation process and presented approach delay estimates for different sets of traffic volumes, signal settings, and short‐lane section lengths. The delay estimates would be useful in evaluating adequacy of the current lengths, identifying the options of extending the short‐lane section length, or changing signal timing to reduce the likelihood of blockage. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Modeling traffic operation at signalized intersections without explicit left‐turn yielding rules with an enhanced cell transmission model

This paper presents an enhanced cell transmission model (CTM) to capture traffic operation at signalized intersections without explicit permissive left‐turn yielding rules (i.e. aggressive permissive left‐turn maneuvers may not necessarily yield to opposing through traffic), which can be widely observed in many developing countries. Different from previous studies that focus on traffic dynamics on approaching links, this study contributes to modeling traffic operations within the intersection. A novel cell transmission framework with various types of virtual cells is proposed to model the dynamics of traffic movements from approach to exit. The unique phenomenon of competitive occupying of the conflict point between the left turn and opposing through movements is modeled. The cell state indicating its blockage is proposed to capture the dynamic queue formulation and dissipation and to evaluate the operational traffic performance at the intersection. Field validation results show that the proposed model can capture the operation of traffic at signalized intersections without explicit permissive left‐turn yielding rules with significantly higher level of accuracy than traditional traffic flow models. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Differences in single heavy vehicle crashes at intersections and midblocks

The objective of this research is to identify the factors differentiating between single heavy vehicle collisions at intersections and midblocks by using a binary logit model. Our results show that single vehicle crashes involving heavy vehicle at intersections are more likely to occur on main roads and highways, whereas crashes at midblocks are more likely to occur on divided two‐way roads, roads with special facilities or features (e.g. bridge) and roads with a higher percentage of heavy vehicle traffic. Intersection crashes are also more likely to involve vehicles that are turning left or right, resulting in angle crashes and vehicle overturn, whereas midblock crashes are more likely to involve vehicles on higher posted speed roads. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Severity of pedestrian injuries due to traffic crashes at signalized intersections in Hong Kong: a Bayesian spatial logit model

The present study intended to (1) investigate the injury risk of pedestrian casualties involved in traffic crashes at signalized intersections in Hong Kong; (2) determine the effect of pedestrian volumes on the severity levels of pedestrian injuries; and (3) explore the role of spatial correlation in econometric crash‐severity models. The data from 1889 pedestrian‐related crashes at 318 signalized intersections between 2008 and 2012 were elaborately collected from the Traffic Accident Database System maintained by the Hong Kong Transport Department. To account for the cross‐intersection heterogeneity, a Bayesian hierarchical logit model with uncorrelated and spatially correlated random effects was developed. An intrinsic conditional autoregressive prior was specified for the spatial correlation term. Results revealed that (1) signalized intersections with greater pedestrian volumes generally exhibited a lower injury risk; (2) ignoring the spatial correlation potentially results in reduced model goodness‐of‐fit, an underestimation of variability and standard error of parameter estimates, as well as inconsistent, biased, and erroneous inference; (3) special attention should be paid to the following factors, which led to a significantly higher probability of pedestrians being killed or sustaining severe injury: pedestrian age greater than 65 years, casualties with head injuries, crashes that occurred on footpaths that were not obstructed/overcrowded, heedless or inattentive crossing, crashes on the two‐way carriageway, and those that occurred near tram or light‐rail transit stops. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.