Economies of density and factor substitution in Dublin city bus services — a translog approach

The primary aim of the paper is to determine a short‐run cost function for Dublin City Bus Services (DCS), using a translog approach. The results show that there are significant economies of density in the transit operation. The results also indicate that the structure of DCS is characterised by a homothetic production function and that partial elasticities of substitution are non‐unitary.     

工业时窗小波降噪调制连续线性动力学系统参数直接辨识

在时窗内对噪声干扰的信号进行小波降噪,对降噪数据调制积分得等价的代数方程,利用最小二乘算法,进行线性动力学系统参数的直接估计．针对受噪声污染的系统参数估计的有偏性,借助时窗降噪调制方法构造辅助变量,提出了降噪调制辅助变量递推算法,进行了系统参数的无偏估计．仿真实验和应用实例表明,该方法具有有效性和实用性,可为工业在线辨识获得可信的系统参数提供参考．     

双甲基脲晶体的线性与二阶非线性光学性质研究

采用平面波赝势方法(PAW)和局域密度近似(LDA)的第一性原理方法计算了双甲基脲晶体的电子结构,采用密度矩阵理论计算了双甲基脲晶体的介电函数和倍频系数,并将二阶非线性光学系数谱的特征峰与介电函数光谱结合起来,按单、双光子共振项进行分析.与尿素晶体的光学性质比较分析表明:双甲基脲晶体的线性与非线性光学性质与尿素相似,并...     

Abatement cost functions for incentive-based policies in the automobile market

This paper compares the outcomes of policies that target vehicle holdings with those that target vehicle usage using data from the US Consumer Expenditure Survey. Results show that a higher price of gasoline shifts vehicle holdings towards more fuel efficient vehicles and reduces the annual demand for miles, whereas imposing a fee on vehicles or a feebate program only shifts vehicle holdings towards more fuel efficient vehicles and has little to no impact on the demand for miles. While it is relatively expensive to reduce CO₂ emission through incentive-based policies, achieving any abatement level is more expensive through imposing fees on vehicles than gasoline taxes. In addition, the maximum amount of abatement attainable by a feebate program is relatively small and the same amount could be achieved by imposing a $0.73 gasoline tax per gallon.     

道路路阻函数模型及适用性研究

交通诱导系统中两节点间最优路径的选择是目前的一个难点问题,其中路阻函数的确定是路径优化的核心内容.针对交通流由畅通状态到拥挤状态再到堵塞状态的过程,应用经典交通流理论和实际调查数据,构建交通流诱导系统分段路阻函数模型,以q=10veh/h为一个单位,对函数进行分段拟合,构建高速公路和城市快速路下的分段路阻函数,并对其适应性进行拟合分析.应用结果表明:在不同的流量范围内,高速公路和城市快速路分段路阻函数在自由流状态、高密度状态和低密度条件下适合不同的分段函数.     

确定模糊控制最少推理规则数量的原则

提出在柴油机控制系统模糊规则的设计中 ,确定最少模糊推理规则的原则 ,指出在论域为正负偏差时 ,最小隶属函数个数是 3时仍可满足控制精度要求 ;并建立了柴油机模糊PID控制器的三维模糊数学模型 ,该模型被用于一个 4输入 3输出 (4I3O)柴油机模糊控制器的设计中。     

Generating complete all-day activity plans with genetic algorithms

Activity-based demand generation contructs complete all-day activity plans for each member of a population, and derives transportation demand from the fact that consecutive activities at different locations need to be connected by travel. Besides many other advantages, activity-based demand generation also fits well into the paradigm of multi-agent simulation, where each traveler is kept as an individual throughout the whole modeling process. In this paper, we present a new approach to the problem, which uses genetic algorithms (GA). Our GA keeps, for each member of the population, several instances of possible all-day activity plans in memory. Those plans are modified by mutation and crossover, while bad instances are eventually discarded. Any GA needs a fitness function to evaluate the performance of each instance. For all-day activity plans, it makes sense to use a utility function to obtain such a fitness. In consequence, a significant part of the paper is spent discussing such a utility function. In addition, the paper shows the performance of the algorithm to a few selected problems, including very busy and rather non-busy days.     

公路边坡岩体中的水力学作用

将公路边坡岩体分为透水介质、隔水介质和复合介质3种介质,论述了它们中地下水所产生的不同力学作用,并结合实例研究了确定边坡地下水力学作用的方法和可能出现的问题。     

Liapunov稳定定理的一个注记

Liapunov稳定定理要求V(t,x)函数为正定,本文放宽了这个要求,V(t,x)可以是变号的;并举出Lienard方程和哈密顿力学系统两个例子以说明这一放宽的意义。     

任意Banach空间强伪压缩映射不动点的迭代逼近

利用正规对偶映射的定义，给出了任意Banach空间Lipschitz强伪压缩映射不动点的Ishikawa迭代收敛定理。该定理不仅推广了已知结果，而且还简化了目前相应结果的证明。