拓扑优化拉杆—压杆模型在索塔锚固区的应用

为改善传统索塔锚固区拉杆—压杆模型的精度,采用密度法对传统模型进行拓扑优化.将连续介质离散为若干有空穴的单元,设定拓扑优化方向(体积减小率)进行迭代,得到相对密度趋近于1的单元,即找到最有效的荷载传递单元和路径,从而获得精确的拉杆、压杆面积和角度.将该方法应用于索塔锚固区强度校核中,以迫龙沟特大桥为例进行说明.采用通用软件ABAQUS建立该桥上塔柱索塔锚固区节段模型,通过拓扑优化获得节段有效传力区域退化模型,求解模型中拉杆、压杆及节点强度,并采用AASHTO规范校核,结果表明杆件及节点强度均满足要求.     

降雨入渗对边坡稳定影响的数值模拟研究

根据粉细砂边坡的饱和一非饱和强度与渗流理论,通过数值模拟方法研究降雨入渗对边坡稳定性的影响。数值模拟结果揭示了对边坡变形和破坏的作用机理,表明降雨是诱发滑坡的关键因素之一;粉细砂边坡在无降雨时基本处于稳定状态,连续性降雨使边坡土体的含水量显著增加,坡脚部位饱和区内的基质吸力减小并出现塑性区,随着降雨历时延长,饱和区逐渐扩展至边坡土体中部,塑性区逐渐扩展直至贯通而发生滑坡;在长期低强度降雨条件下边坡较易发生深层滑动,强降雨时边坡更易发生浅层滑动。该研究提出了降雨条件下边坡的稳定性分析供一般的技术思路,可供边坡失稳预警和滑坡防治参考。     

The Methodologies of Empowerment? A Systematic Review of the Deployment of Participation in the Coastal Zone Management Literature

Participation (e.g., stakeholder involvement) has become a central concept in the practice of environmental and coastal zone management. Research has shown that the integration of participation in coastal zone management has positive ecological and social outcomes. In the literature, however, participation is often reported in an unstructured and uncritical manner. Therefore, to find out whether and how there is a useful way to structure and characterize the way the coastal zone management literature deals with participation, we have conducted a literature review. The review was conducted and the literature structured through three central dimensions of participation, namely: power, knowledge, and (visions of) nature. The article concludes that this structured approach to participation enables us to study more systematically the role of participation and might facilitate the governance and learning processes of coastal networks.     

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集成单车风险模型和宏观交通流参数,构建高速公路作业区行车风险评估模型.针对高速公路作业区车辆运行的特殊性,以车辆减速度作为行车风险度量指标,以交通流平均速度、平均车道占有率、速度变异系数等宏观交通流参数表征高速公路作业区行车风险.基于高速公路作业区交通流的仿真试验数据,构建平均行车风险水平和宏观交通流参数之间关系的多元线性回归模型.结果表明,交通流平均速度、平均车道占有率和速度变异系数对作业区平均行车风险水平都存在影响,其中速度变异系数对作业区平均风险水平影响显著.     

隧道穿越断层破碎带关键技术研究

山岭隧道开挖过程中经常遇到断层破碎带,造成开挖、支护施工难度增大,并且容易出现安全事故,是隧道施工的薄弱环节.不同的工法对于围岩扰动程度是不一样的,围岩条件的弱化应该及时采取开挖支护措施的调整,只有合适的工法才能保证隧道施工安全与质量.结合浙江宁波史家山2号隧道,根据其地质特征,运用FLAC3D软件进行数值模拟,对比分析采用不同施工工法穿越断层破碎带的情况,得出了断层破碎带对于施工过程影响并对于合理施工方案的选择提出建议.     

浅析地震带内公路建筑物震害程度与方位布设的相关性

文章通过分析研究5·12汶川大地震震害文献资料,发现在地震带区域内,以地震带轴线做参照系,公路建筑物布设方位不同,其震害程度不同,即公路建筑物震害程度与布设方位具有显著的相关性。由此推断：合理布设公路建筑物,可以使建筑物达到充分发挥其最大抗震能力的作用。     

断层与隧道相对距离对围岩稳定性影响的试验研究

目前关于断层破碎带破坏围岩完整性方面的研究已取得不少成果,但断层对隧道围岩稳定性的影响程度及其机理仍是一个模糊问题.文章以石吉高速五峰山一号隧道为背景,采用室内模型试验对有无断层、断层与隧道距离变化情况下的围岩破坏特性进行了研究.结果表明,断层与隧道距离在一倍洞径以内时,围岩不能形成完整的压力拱,断层的存在对围岩的稳定性影响较大;隧道开挖对隧道周线两侧围岩稳定性的影响具有不对称性.     

公路隧道穿越断层破碎带仿真分析

山岭隧道开挖经常遇到断层破碎带,开挖支护施工难度大,容易出现事故,是隧道施工的薄弱环节。文中结合史家山2号隧道,根据其地质特征,运用FLAC3D软件建立数值模型,对比了有无断层破碎带和不同工法下的穿越断层破碎带的工况,提出了断层破碎带的影响程度和适合的施工方案。     

宜万铁路高坪1#隧道岩溶发育特征分析与治理

宜万铁路高坪1#隧道穿越T21j灰岩，处于岩溶垂直循环带内，隧道最大埋深104m。隧道岩溶极其发育，施工中共揭示大小溶洞51个。通过对所揭示的溶洞进行数理分析，探讨了垂直循环带内岩溶发育特征。根据岩溶发育特征和工程结构特点，提出了岩溶规模划分标准，制定了相应的治理措施，并对岩溶治理进行评价。     

Rear‐end crash potential estimation in the work zone merging areas

This paper proposed a methodology to estimate rear‐end crash potential of the merging vehicles traveling in the merge lane, on the basis of the traffic data extracting from the available videotapes. First, we developed a binary logit model to identify drivers' merging behavior in the work zone merging area. Subsequently, the occurrence potential of rear‐end crash based on time‐to‐collision was computed between the merging vehicle and its neighboring vehicles. The overall crash potential of the merging vehicle was finally determined. It was found that the crash potential decreases with the remaining distance to work zone. Moreover, there will be a rear‐end crash potential of 4.0% if the merging vehicle fails to complete merging at the end of work zone merging area. If the merging vehicle takes an early merge, there will be a lower rear‐end crash potential (1.2%). These findings suggest that we should encourage merging vehicles to take early merges for improving the traffic safety in the work zone merging areas. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.