抗紫外老化剂对沥青性能的影响

为解决南方湿热地区沥青路面受紫外光老化影响问题，利用紫外老化环境箱和动态剪切流变仪研究老化时间和受阻胺类抗紫外老化卉l】（GW一944）对沥青高温动态力学性能、低温和疲劳性能的影响。试验结果表明：强紫外光降低了沥青疲劳性能和低温性能，改善了抗车辙性能，且随老化时间延长而加剧；受阻胺类抗紫外老化剂（GW-944）能较好地对SBS改性沥青进行抗老化性能改善，且对其性能改善存在合适的掺量范围，适宜掺量为0．5％，而对基质沥青性能改善并不适用。研究成果为沥青路面有效防治紫外光老化提供了技术依据。     

桩-土作用在大型旅客站房基础设计中的应用

当大型旅客站房基础与地下出站通道重叠时,由于地下出站通道刚度大、结构超长,且属半露天地下结构,对温度作用变化明显,利用传统的刚性固结模型对站房基础进行设计时较难得到合理的结果或造成巨大的浪费。论述桩-土作用机理的复杂性,并对桩-土作用力学模型进行分析。通过分布弹簧模型对旅客站房在温度作用下的结构内力进行分析,并与刚性固结模型计算结果进行对比,得出旅客站房基础设计考虑桩-土作用的合理化计算模式。     

浅谈公路工程估算编制的新规则

新的《公路工程基本建设项目投资估算编制办法》和《公路工程估算指标》自2012年1月1日正式实施。取代1996编办和指标,针对估算编制的新规则,分析总结新旧差异,为以后估算编制工作提供指导。     

桥梁温度跨度对纵连底座板受力及配筋的影响

考虑轨道与桥梁相互作用特点,建立桥上CRTSⅡ型板式无砟轨道空间力学模型,分析桥梁温度跨度对纵连底座板制动力和伸缩力的影响,根据不同桥梁温度跨度下的纵向力,按极限状态法对纵连底座板进行配筋设计。结果表明:当桥梁温度跨度小于482 m时,纵连底座板最大制动力随着温度跨度增加迅速增大,温度跨度超过482 m后纵连底座板的最大制动力趋于稳定;纵连底座板最大伸缩力随着桥梁温度跨度线性增大;纵连底座板配筋率增幅小于桥梁温度跨度的增幅。     

Evolution of the household vehicle fleet: Anticipating fleet composition, PHEV adoption and GHG emissions in Austin, Texas

In today’s world of volatile fuel prices and climate concerns, there is little study on the relationship between vehicle ownership patterns and attitudes toward vehicle cost (including fuel prices and feebates) and vehicle technologies. This work provides new data on ownership decisions and owner preferences under various scenarios, coupled with calibrated models to microsimulate Austin’s personal-fleet evolution.Opinion survey results suggest that most Austinites (63%, population-corrected share) support a feebate policy to favor more fuel efficient vehicles. Top purchase criteria are price, type/class, and fuel economy. Most (56%) respondents also indicated that they would consider purchasing a Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) if it were to cost $6000 more than its conventional, gasoline-powered counterpart. And many respond strongly to signals on the external (health and climate) costs of a vehicle’s emissions, more strongly than they respond to information on fuel cost savings.Twenty five-year simulations of Austin’s household vehicle fleet suggest that, under all scenarios modeled, Austin’s vehicle usage levels (measured in total vehicle miles traveled or VMT) are predicted to increase overall, along with average vehicle ownership levels (both per household and per capita). Under a feebate, HEVs, PHEVs and Smart Cars are estimated to represent 25% of the fleet’s VMT by simulation year 25; this scenario is predicted to raise total regional VMT slightly (just 2.32%, by simulation year 25), relative to the trend scenario, while reducing CO₂ emissions only slightly (by 5.62%, relative to trend). Doubling the trend-case gas price to $5/gallon is simulated to reduce the year-25 vehicle use levels by 24% and CO₂ emissions by 30% (relative to trend).Two- and three-vehicle households are simulated to be the highest adopters of HEVs and PHEVs across all scenarios. The combined share of vans, pickup trucks, sport utility vehicles (SUVs), and cross-over utility vehicles (CUVs) is lowest under the feebate scenario, at 35% (versus 47% in Austin’s current household fleet). Feebate-policy receipts are forecasted to exceed rebates in each simulation year.In the longer term, gas price dynamics, tax incentives, feebates and purchase prices along with new technologies, government-industry partnerships, and more accurate information on range and recharging times (which increase customer confidence in EV technologies) should have added effects on energy dependence and greenhouse gas emissions.     

沥青混合料动态模量Hirsch预测模型的验证研究

动态模量可以描述沥青混合料对温度和荷载频率的敏感性,从而可以客观地反映沥青混合料在路面结构中的行为特性。本文对SMA 13、Superpave 20、Superpave 25和ATB 25等4种沥青混合料分别进行了不同温度和荷载频率下的动态模量试验,并利用DSR对混合料中所用的两种沥青胶结料(普通70号沥青和SBS改性沥青)进行对应温度和荷载频率下的动态剪切模量试验,利用试验结果对动态模量Hirsch预测模型进行了验证研究。研究结果表明利用Hirsch模型预测动态模量的精度较好,只是在高温和低荷载频率时预测偏差较大。     

武汉天兴洲公铁两用长江大桥主塔墩混凝土冬季施工保温材料的应用

采取有效的温控措施,在保证塔柱混凝土质量的前提下加快施工进度,是斜拉桥主塔冬季施工的关键。以武汉天兴洲大桥主塔中塔柱施工为例,介绍主要的温控措施、冬季施工保温材料的应用效果及工期效应。     

连续梁桥不同合龙方案对施工控制的影响

以某连续梁桥施工控制为例，分析了不同合龙方案对桥梁的累计位移和受力的影响，特别是对施工控制中的预拱度设置的影响，提出了合理的合龙方案及施工注意事项。     

基于有限元的半刚性基层沥青路面裂缝断裂力学分析

路面裂缝尖端应力强度因子和J积分是判断裂缝开裂扩展的重要指标,应用商业通用有限元软件ABAQUS,建立了8节点等参单元的有限元模型,采用奇异单元及断裂力学理论,对江苏省典型的半刚性基层沥青路面结构裂缝问题进行了荷载和温度应力数值分析,结果能反映路面破坏的现象和规律,为分析沥青路面开裂提供依据。     

建筑结构胶的配制与应用

提出了可在-5～40℃范围内5个不同温度段使用的9种建筑结构胶配方，9种结构胶的抗压强度均高于60MPa，与混凝土的粘接抗折、抗剪强度均不低于C60混凝土的抗折、抗剪强度。同时对结构胶的施工工艺和控制要点进行了介绍。