换道操作对智能车辆乘客舒适性的影响研究

乘坐舒适性是决定乘客对智能车辆接受度的重要因素之一。为了提升智能车辆的舒适性,服务智能驾驶控制算法的设计和优化,开展了基于乘客主观感知的实车乘坐舒适性试验,试验中驾驶人驾驶传统车辆执行多次换道操作,获取了60名被试乘客对换道操作的舒适性评价数据,并采集了车辆的运动数据。选取换道时横向最大加速度、回正时横向最大加速度、横向最大加加速度、横向加速度转换幅值以及横向加速度转换频率这5个车辆运动参数作为研究对象。采用二元Logistic回归单因素分析法分析了这5个车辆运动参数对乘坐舒适性的影响,采用接收者操作特征(ROC)曲线分析法为不同晕车易感性的乘客分别确立了这5个车辆运动参数的舒适性阈值,并根据岭回归分析法确定了不同参数对乘坐舒适性的影响权重。结果表明：所选取的5个车辆运动参数对乘坐舒适性具有显著影响,易晕乘客的舒适性阈值小于不易晕乘客的舒适性阈值,在换道过程中,换道时横向最大加速度、回正时横向最大加速度和横向加速度转换幅值是影响乘坐舒适性的主要因素。最后根据车辆运动参数和乘客生理特征参数建立了基于动态时间归整(DTW)和K最近邻(KNN)算法的乘坐舒适性预测模型,该模型对乘坐舒适性的预测准确率为84%,可用于智能车辆控制算法的舒适性判断。     

考虑电池热管理的复合电源电动汽车功率分配控制策略

为提升高温环境下电源系统的综合效率,通过分析电动汽车热管理和能耗模型,提出一种考虑电池热管理的复合电源电动汽车功率分配控制策略,并在CATC、NEDC工况下分别与单一电源电动汽车和采用常规策略的复合电源电动汽车进行对比仿真。结果表明,相对于单一电源,采用复合电源方案的电动汽车电源系统能量回馈提升3.6%以上,综合能耗降低3.3%以上,电池最终温度下降3.51℃以上;相对于采用常规策略的复合电源电动汽车,考虑电池热管理的复合电源功率分配控制策略提升超级电容参与度,使复合电源系统能量回馈提升1.8%左右,综合能耗降低1.2%左右,电池最终温度降低1.25℃左右,从而验证了该策略的有效性。     

铁路工程勘察中放射性异常的分析计算判定

研究目的:研究铁路工程放射性异常的测试和分析计算判定方法,提出铁路工程放射性异常防护限值和具体防护措施建议。研究方法:通过对有关放射性防护标准的对比,结合铁路工程和人员活动特点,运用数值计算方法分析判定。研究结果:给出了铁路站点、生活区、一般区间和隧道工程放射剂量计算判定方法,提出了铁路工程放射性辐射异常防护界限值及防护措施。研究结论:铁路工程放射性辐射防护应在详细查明辐射强度和分布特征的基础上,评估其影响程度,对于大面积分布的异常地区在铁路选线时应予绕避,对评估确定的异常超限点、带,结合具体工程进行防护。     

小波变换在信号去噪方面的应用研究

利用小波对信号去噪,是小波理论应用于实际的一个重要方面.介绍用于一维检测信号去噪的几种常用方法,在Matlab7.0系统仿真工具中实现了去噪算法,并对这几种算法的去噪效果进行了比较.     

Three-dimensional analysis of transient slosh within a partly-filled tank equipped with baffles

The directional dynamic analyses of partly-filled tank vehicles have been limited to quasi-static fluid motion due to computational complexities associated with dynamic fluid slosh analyses. The dynamic fluid slosh causes significantly higher magnitudes of slosh forces and moments in the transient state that cannot be characterized through quasi-static approach, which provides reasonably good estimates of the mean responses. In this study, a three-dimensional nonlinear model of a partly-filled cylindrical tank with and without baffles is developed to investigate the significance of resulting destabilizing forces and moments caused by the transient fluid slosh, and the effects of baffles. The baffles and the end caps are modeled with curved shapes. The analyses are performed under varying magnitudes of steady lateral, longitudinal and combinations of lateral and longitudinal accelerations of the tank, and two different fill volumes using the FLUENT software. The results of the study are presented in terms of mean and peak slosh forces and moments, and variations in the mass moments of inertia of the fluid cargo within a clean bore and a baffled tank, for two different fill volumes and different magnitudes of acceleration excitations. The ratios of transient responses to the mean responses, termed as amplification factors, are further described to emphasize the significance of dynamic fluid slosh on the forces and moments induced on the vehicle. The results in general suggest that the mean responses attained from dynamic fluid slosh analyses correlate well with those attained from the quasi-static analyses for a clean bore tank. The amplification ratios of the resulting forces and moments could approach as high as 2. The results clearly show that the presence of baffles helps to suppress the peak as well as mean slosh forces and moments significantly.     

金属疲劳裂纹扩展率曲线与S-N曲线之间的关系

目前有两种不同的理论用于预报金属结构的疲劳寿命。一种是基于S－N曲线的累积疲劳损伤理论，另一种是基于裂纹扩展率曲线的疲劳裂纹扩展理论，如果都把一个构件的最终断裂作为疲劳破坏的定义，则S－N曲线和裂纹扩展率曲线均是反映金属在疲劳载荷作用下的基本材料特性。尽管在过去这两种曲线是分别测试的，但它们之间应该存在一些相互关系。本文的主要目的就是讨论它们之间的关系。基于S－N曲线的一个一般表达式和裂纹扩展率曲线的一个有代表性的表达式，本文建立了两种曲线之间的一个正式关系，这表明只需要测试一种曲线，而另一种曲线就可以根据已有的试验结果导出。文章以一个中央裂纹平板作为例子，演示了如何根据一种曲线推导另一种曲线。     

基于正态分布判别函数的航迹关联双门限算法

雷达和电子支援（Electronic Support Measurement，简称ESM）传感器的航迹关联是异类多传感器数据融合研究方面的重要前提。以往对于关联判别函数的选取，多采用X^2分布，这使得在某些实际应用中，通常会出现计算量大，确定门限闭值复杂的问题。基于正态分布关联判别函数的航迹关联双门限算法，在门限阈值的选取上直接采用正态分布中的分位数概念，避免了X^2分布中选取阂值的复杂过程。通过仿真试验，验证了决策规则的第一类风险和第二类风险，表明该方法能有效地判决航迹的关联问题。     

Three-dimensional analysis of transient slosh within a partly-filled tank equipped with baffles

The directional dynamic analyses of partly-filled tank vehicles have been limited to quasi-static fluid motion due to computational complexities associated with dynamic fluid slosh analyses. The dynamic fluid slosh causes significantly higher magnitudes of slosh forces and moments in the transient state that cannot be characterized through quasi-static approach, which provides reasonably good estimates of the mean responses. In this study, a three-dimensional nonlinear model of a partly-filled cylindrical tank with and without baffles is developed to investigate the significance of resulting destabilizing forces and moments caused by the transient fluid slosh, and the effects of baffles. The baffles and the end caps are modeled with curved shapes. The analyses are performed under varying magnitudes of steady lateral, longitudinal and combinations of lateral and longitudinal accelerations of the tank, and two different fill volumes using the FLUENT software. The results of the study are presented in terms of mean and peak slosh forces and moments, and variations in the mass moments of inertia of the fluid cargo within a clean bore and a baffled tank, for two different fill volumes and different magnitudes of acceleration excitations. The ratios of transient responses to the mean responses, termed as amplification factors, are further described to emphasize the significance of dynamic fluid slosh on the forces and moments induced on the vehicle. The results in general suggest that the mean responses attained from dynamic fluid slosh analyses correlate well with those attained from the quasi-static analyses for a clean bore tank. The amplification ratios of the resulting forces and moments could approach as high as 2. The results clearly show that the presence of baffles helps to suppress the peak as well as mean slosh forces and moments significantly.     

小波变换用于列车振动信号消噪的研究

小波变换的重要应用之一就是用于信号的消噪。通常从列车上采集的振动信号都混有大量的噪声 ,现采用非线性小波阈值法对信号进行消噪 ,并利用阈值处理后的小波系数重建信号 ,从而得到有用的信号波形。实验结果表明该方法能有效的去除噪声 ,可靠性高 ,特别适用于信号中混有白噪声的情况     

决策树ID3算法的分析与优化

对ID3算法的基本概念和原理以及其分支策略和构造过程进行了详细阐述,针对ID3算法倾向于选择取值较多的属性的缺点,引进属性偏向阈和信息增益率对其做了改进,并利用凸函数的性质简化了ID3算法中信息增益的计算.通过实验对改进前后的算法进行了比较,实验表明,改进后的算法是有效的.