基于浮点DSP+ARM的光纤捷联/GPS组合导航计算机的设计

介绍一种基于DSP TMS320VC33PGA和ARM系列微处理器S3C44B0X构成的光纤捷联/GPS组合导航计算机的设计,详细介绍了系统硬件结构设计、高精度数据采集电路、FPGA接口电路设计、FLASH程序引导设计以及系统软件设计.通过实验室三轴转台实验证明该系统具有实时性好、精度高、体积小的优点.     

反舰导弹打击近岸目标能力研究

在分析反舰导弹捕捉目标原理和导弹自控终点误差的基础上,研究了可变扇面角和自导距离的反舰导弹对近岸目标攻击时,末制导雷达装订参数及导弹射程等要素的变化对近岸目标捕捉的影响。给出了算例,可为目标捕捉分析和作战指挥人员决策提供参考。     

A lane-change trajectory model from drivers’ vision view

Car-following and Lane-changing are two fundamental tasks during driving. While many car-following models can be applied, relatively, only a few lane-changing models have been developed. Classical lane-changing models mainly focus on drivers’ lane selection and gap acceptance behaviors, but very limited research has paid attention to formulating detailed lane-changing trajectories. This research aims to fill the gap by proposing a lane-changing trajectory model, which is built directly from drivers’ vision view, to model detailed lane-changing trajectories. A large amount of data of reference angles, defined as the angle changes between the drivers’ vision angle and left or right lane line, were first extracted from the videos recorded by the vehicle traveling data recorders (VTDRs) installed in 11 taxies. A comprehensive data analysis indicates that same drivers show similarity of their daily lane-changing habit but with variety, and different drivers’ lane-change trajectory data show different lane-change “personality” including aggressive or non-aggressive behaviors. Based on these findings, this paper then proposed a hyperbolic tangent lane-change trajectory model to describe drivers’ detailed lane-change trajectories. The model is verified using both real data and simulation. The results show the proposed lane-change trajectory model can successfully describe drivers’ lane-changing trajectories. More importantly, some parameters in the model are directly associated to drivers’ driving characteristics during lane-change. With this unique feature, the proposed model can generate driver-specific lane-change trajectories. Such improvement could contribute to the future development of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS).     

Data-driven spatio-temporal discretization for pedestrian flow characterization

We propose a novel approach to pedestrian flow characterization. The definitions of density, flow and velocity existing in the literature are extended through a data-driven spatio-temporal discretization framework. The framework is based on three-dimensional Voronoi diagrams. Synthetic data is used to empirically investigate the performance of the approach and to illustrate its advantages. Our approach outperforms the considered approaches from the literature in terms of the robustness with respect to the simulation noise and with respect to the sampling frequency. Additionally, the proposed approach is by design (i) independent from an arbitrarily chosen discretization; (ii) appropriate for the multidirectional composition of pedestrian traffic; (iii) able to reflect the heterogeneity of the pedestrian population; and (iv) applicable to pedestrian trajectories described either analytically or as a sample of points.     

A constraint programming model with time uncertainty for cooperative flight departures

The lack of a proper integration of strategic Air Traffic Management decision support tools with tactical Air Traffic Control interventions usually generates a negative impact on the Reference Business Trajectory adherence, and in consequence affects the potential of the Trajectory-Based Operations framework. In this paper, a new mechanism relaying on Reference Business Trajectories as a source of data to reduce the amount of Air Traffic Controller interventions at the tactical level while preserving Air Traffic Flow Management planned operations is presented. Artificial Intelligence can enable Constraint Programming as it is a powerful paradigm for solving complex, combinatorial search problems. The proposed methodology takes advantage of Constraint Programming and fosters adherence of Airspace User’s trajectory preferences by identifying tight interdependencies between trajectories and introducing a new mechanism to improve the aircraft separation at concurrence events considering time uncertainty. The underlying philosophy is to capitalize present degrees of freedom between layered Air Traffic Management planning tools, when sequencing departures at the airports by considering the benefits of small time stamp changes in the assigned Calculated Take-Off Time departures and to enhance Trajectory-Based Operations concepts.     

Financing urban rail projects: The case of Los Angeles

This paper describes the potential use of the financing strategy of value capture or benefit assessment for an urban mass transportation project. The paper describes the legal background to the use of benefit assessment, and the process of implementation for the first construction phase of the Los Angeles Metro Rail project. The process of developing the benefit assessment structure was a consultative one, utilizing technical inputs from a team of specialist consultants, a task force consisting of major developers and property owners in the affected area, and politicians representing many of the interests in the region. The initial benefit assessment districts were set up to raise $130 million of the cost of the first 4.4 miles of the rail project, and are based on the benefits accruing to certain categories of property in the vicinity of stations. The assessment would be collected for about 18 years and bonding would be used to provide the capital at the time of construction.The paper describes the procedure for setting boundaries, the structuring of the assessment rates, the definition of benefiting properties, and the uses and tenure of the assessment. In almost all cases, the theory of value capture indicated a different result than was achieved from a consensus of the task force, and the nature of these differences is explored in the paper. The establishment of the benefit assessment districts withstood early court challenges, but has subsequently been appealed and was overturned on appeal. Action is pending with the Supreme Court currently, and efforts are also underway to pass new legislation to deal with some of the issues raised in the court proceedings.     

城市轨道交通站台自动扶梯服务水平研究

通过对西安市地铁2号线钟楼站晚高峰时段,站台至站厅层上行扶梯进行的人工观测与视频采集,在自动扶梯处区域划分及行人特性分析基础上,得到速度-密度拟合曲线。以人均占据面积为标准得出适用于西安市城市轨道交通的自动扶梯服务水平分级。结果表明,本分级方案对我国城市轨道交通站点运营中的实际情况具有较强的针对性,并具有一定的理论意义和实用价值。     

火电厂化学吸收CO2捕获工艺的应用与能耗分析

从火力发电厂烟气特性出发,分析了化学吸收CO2捕获工艺流程,评估了醇胺吸收剂和改进型吸收剂的特点及适用性,总结了吸收剂在国内外CO2捕获示范工程中的应用情况,提出了化学吸收工艺能耗分析参数体系,通过工程和理论研究两个路径对化学吸收CO2捕获工艺的能耗水平进行了分析.分析结果表明化学吸收工艺吸收剂以胺和混合胺为市场主导,CO2捕获吸收剂的再生能耗一般介于3.0～4.2GJ/t之间.     

Estimating fuel consumption and emissions based on reconstructed vehicle trajectories

Microscopic emission models are widely used in emission estimation and environment evaluation. Traditionally, microscopic traffic simulation models and probe vehicles are two sources of inputs to a microscopic emission model. However, they are not effective in reflecting all vehicles' real‐world operating conditions. Using each vehicle's spot speed data recorded by detectors, this paper provides a new method to estimate all vehicles' real‐world activities data. These data can then be used as inputs to a microscopic emission model to estimate vehicle fuel consumption and emissions. The main task is to reconstruct trajectory of each vehicle and calculate second‐by‐second speed and acceleration from the activities data. The Next Generation Simulation dataset and the Comprehensive Modal Emissions Model are used in this study to calculate and analyze the emission results for both lane‐level and link‐level. The results showed that using the proposed method for estimating vehicle fuel consumption and emissions is promising. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于时空轨迹数据的出行特征挖掘方法

在车联网应用发展的背景下,许多城市的私家车和出租车上安装了配备GPS 设备的智能终端, 产生着大量的时空轨迹数据.为挖掘这些数据蕴含的驾驶员出行特征, 本文以北京市出租车时空轨迹数据为例,基于时空GIS 的视角提出并实现了驾驶员居住 地挖掘方法和作息规律性分析方法. 样本实验结果一方面展示了驾驶员居住地空间分 布,另一方面表明作息规律性总相似度在0.6–1之间的驾驶员数量较多,占到了总数的 73.75%.通过本文方法挖掘的信息可为出租车的管理提供辅助决策,方法同样适用私家 车时空轨迹数据的挖掘,对私家车出行规律的研究和掌握更有意义.