安康至重庆高速铁路大巴山区工程地质条件及选线研究

研究拟建安康至重庆高速铁路沿线的工程地质条件,分析主要的工程地质问题。针对经达州(四川)、万州(重庆)两个主要线路方案,提出工程地质比选意见。收集方案研究范围内的区域地质资料,既有公路、铁路的科研报告,相关政府部门的地质灾害报告,大巴山区岩溶特征相关资料。在大巴山区的城口、岚皋等地区,开展地质调绘工作。掌握了沿线的地形地貌、气象、地震等自然地理概况,以及地层岩性、地质构造、不良地质、特殊岩土等工程地质概况,尤其是大巴山区的岩溶发育特征。根据沿线的工程地质条件,分析修建该铁路可能遇到的工程问题。对两个主要比选方案,进行了工程地质条件评价。线路通过大巴山区时,经万州方案的工程地质条件更复杂,施工风险更大。推荐经达州方案。     

青岛至连云港铁路运输组织模式研究

研究目的:青连铁路是一条承担中长途旅客运输和港口集疏运功能的干线铁路,速度目标值为200km/h,其旅客运输组织模式既不同于传统的既有客货混跑模式,也有别于纯客运专线的运输组织模式。如何合理确定青连铁路的运输组织模式,是影响青连铁路经济效益和社会效益的关键。研究结论:从旅行时间节省、能力利用均衡和动车组购置费等方面,经比较分析各种运输组织模式的适应性后,确定青连铁路性质为是以客运为主的客货混跑铁路,旅客列车采用动车组与普速旅客列车相结合的运输组织模式。该模式充分发挥了青连铁路的线路能力,极大满足了不同的客流需求,也兼顾了部分货物列车。     

“全列车进路发码车站”站内低频信息编码设计的总结

介绍客运专线项目的施工图设计过程中,关于"全列车进路发码车站"低频信息编码设计的经验总结。     

Socially and environmentally appropriate urban futures for the motor car

In its relatively short life, the automobile has provided a level of mobility unlikely to have been feasible with a reliance on conventional forms of land based public transport. It has contributed in both a positive and negative way to the quality of life, transforming our cities, our way of life, and giving us a greater command over time and space. Concern over the undesirable social and environmental impacts has increased over time, with calls for governments to take action to reduce the automobile's dominant role. New investment in fixed-track public transport and bus priority systems together with strategies to discourage travel have been proposed to improve accessibility and to aid in cleaning up the physical environment. This paper reviews some of the issues facing society as it works to identify policies to achieve an economically and environmentally sustainabie future. There is a need for a broader set of policies to facilitate alternative land use-transport lifestyles while facing appropriate pricing signals. Some of the key issues are adjustments in the relative prices of location and transport, spatial incentives to make public transport economically viable (i.e. changing urban densities, zoning/incentive changes to allow more infill), road pricing (i.e. charging cars the economic cost of using the roads), new information technology systems (e.g. IVHS) to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of transport infrastructure, major improvements in the fuel efficiency of fossil fuelled vehicles, and alternative-fuelled vehicles (clean-air vehicles).     

基于期权理论的铁路货运定价模型

为了规避铁路运输企业和协议客户在市场价格波动情况下所面临的风险,在铁路货运的定价过程中引入期权的概念,利用二叉树模型为期权定价,在此基础上构建了基于铁路运输企业和协议客户收益最大条件下的铁路货运定价模型。研究结果表明:通过铁路运输企业和协议客户的最优定价决策可以求得铁路运输企业制定的协议价格和协议客户的期权购买量;协议价格与现货市场价格正相关,与铁路运输企业的长期准备成本正相关、短期准备成本负相关;随着期权价格和期权执行价格的升高,协议客户在契约市场所购买的期权数量逐渐减少。     

基于灰色评价理论的自适应最优路径选择

充分考虑了驾驶员在路径选择中的不同要求,依据层次分析法和灰色评价理论建立了一种根据驾驶员的偏好自适应选择最优路径的方法,并设计了相应的决策支持系统,为智能交通流诱导系统的进一步发展铺平了道路。     

边角后方交会与公路路线测设

常规的交会定点方法对交会图形有一定的要求。本文讨论了边角同测的后方交会观测方法、计算原理和点位精度分析，并通过理论和实例验证了该方法的可行性。本文所述方法具有操作简便、选点灵活和不受交会图形限制等优点。     

Introduction: Habitual travel choice

In this introduction to the special issue on habitual travel choice, we provide a brief account of the role of habit in travel behaviour, discuss more generally what habitual choice is, and briefly review the issues addressed in the solicited papers. These issues include how habitual travel behaviour should be measured, how to model the learning process that makes travel choice habitual, and how to break and replace car-use habits.     

高速公路路线方案优选模型及其应用

利用灰色物元分析法,建立高速公路路线方案的优劣排序模型,对各路线方案进行多因素综合评价,为择优选择路线方案提供一种科学的评价方法。     

Bus Priority Using pre-signals

The need to provide efficient public transport services in urban areas has led to the implementation of bus priority measures in many congested cities. Much interest has recently centred on priority at signal controlled junctions, including the concept of pre-signals, where traffic signals are installed at or near the end of a with-flow bus lane to provide buses with priority access to the downstream junction. Although a number of pre-signals have now been installed in the U.K., particularly in London, there has been very little published research into their design, operation and optimisation. This paper addresses these points through the development of analytical procedures which allow pre-implementation evaluation of specific categories of pre-signals. The paper initially sets out three categories of pre-signal, which have different operating characteristics, different requirements for signalling and different impacts on capacity and delay. Key issues concerning signalling arrangements for these categories are then discussed, together with a summary of the analytical approach adopted and the assumptions required. Equations are developed to allow appropriate signal timings to be calculated for pre-signalised intersections. Further equations are then developed to enable delays to priority and non-priority traffic, with and without pre-signals, to be estimated with delay being taken here as the key performance criterion. The paper concludes with three application examples illustrating how the equations are applied and the impacts of pre-signals in different situations.The analyses confirm the potential benefits of pre-signals, where these signals apply to non-priority traffic only. Where buses are also subject to a pre-signal, it is shown that disbenefits to buses can often occur, unless bus detectors are used to gain priority signalling.