Connectivity-based optimization of vehicle route and speed for improved fuel economy

Traditionally, vehicle route planning problem focuses on route optimization based on traffic data and surrounding environment. This paper proposes a novel extended vehicle route planning problem, called vehicle macroscopic motion planning (VMMP) problem, to optimize vehicle route and speed simultaneously using both traffic data and vehicle characteristics to improve fuel economy for a given expected trip time. The required traffic data and neighbouring vehicle dynamic parameters can be collected through the vehicle connectivity (e.g. vehicle-to-vehicle, vehicle-to-infrastructure, vehicle-to-cloud, etc.) developed rapidly in recent years. A genetic algorithm based co-optimization method, along with an adaptive real-time optimization strategy, is proposed to solve the proposed VMMP problem. It is able to provide the fuel economic route and reference speed for drivers or automated vehicles to improve the vehicle fuel economy. A co-simulation model, combining a traffic model based on SUMO (Simulation of Urban MObility) with a Simulink powertrain model, is developed to validate the proposed VMMP method. Four simulation studies, based on a real traffic network, are conducted for validating the proposed VMMP: (1) ideal traffic environment without traffic light and jam for studying the fuel economy improvement, (2) traffic environment with traffic light for validating the proposed traffic light penalty model, (3) traffic environment with traffic light and jam for validating the proposed adaptive real-time optimization strategy, and (4) investigating the effect of different powertrain platforms to fuel economy using two different vehicle platforms. Simulation results show that the proposed VMMP method is able to improve vehicle fuel economy significantly. For instance, comparing with the fastest route, the fuel economy using the proposed VMMP method is improved by up to 15%.     

计算机辅助零件编码软件（DTN.CAC）的研究

本文在研制计算机辅助零件编码软件(DTN.CAC)的实践基础上,阐明了软件的设计思想,论述了软件的研制方法及程序结构.该软件具有良好的适用性、可靠性和可扩性,编码效率高,出错率低,精度代码的生成具有特色,并已经过生产使用验证.软件采用汉字 dBASEⅢ数据库语言,适用于 IBM-PC 及其兼容机.     

城市轨道交通在北京市城市结构调整中的作用及对策

从分析北京市现有的城市规划布局和交通中存在的问题出发,总结伦敦等大城市施行“有机疏散“规划的经验,探讨城市轨道交通在北京城市结构调整中的作用,并提出相关的对策。     

1996年亚特兰大奥林匹克运动会的遗产--亚特兰大的尝试、失误与成功

1996年亚特兰大奥林匹克运动会已经过去38年．这次奥林匹克运动会的遗产、记忆与成功对经济和社会的影响一直在伴随着我们．作为一个奥林匹克运动会的组办城市，亚特兰大不得不面对奥林匹克运动会后的挑战，这些挑战并不比组办奥林匹克运动会来得轻松．本文报导了我们的尝试、失误与成功的经历，它描述了该地区正在前进的方向和相关的交通规划和土地使用策略．     

Transport policy in Eastern Europe a case study of Hungary

This paper analyses the development of transport policy making in Eastern Europe over the last forty years and describes the role of the CMEA in determining national developments in Poland, Romania, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Bulgaria. The USSR, Albania and Yugoslavia are excluded. The planning system as operated in the Eastern Block, is described, followed by a particular case study of Hungarian policy making with respect to the transport sector. Specific tansport issues relating to Hungary are outlined before conclusions are drawn in terms of future developments in relation with the European Community.     

Strategic management of organizational turnarounds in the transit industry

The traditional wisdom that there are increasing returns to scale among bus transit systems has been shaken with recent research findings. The implication from the literature is that unless many transit systems restructure along new organizational lines the financial and service provision difficulties will continue. Very few public transit systems have attempted to strategically manage change and turnaround organizationally.The objectives of this research were to identify the salient factors in organizational turnarounds and to determine whether these factors were evident within transit organizations that have attempted to manage change strategically. The author reviewed the corporate turnaround literature and conducted four case studies of strategic planning/management within the transit industry.All four cases exhibited organizational declines or perceived declines as imminent. They initiated turnarounds through reorganizations and efforts at strategic management. The reorganizations that occurred at all four cases were relatively minor, involving some changes in function. Only minor changes in management occurred and commitment to strategic management varied. Strategic objectives were not quantifiable. All of the cases could have improved their communication below the middle-management levels. The measures of performance in general did not relate a specific strategy and program to a particular turnaround effect. Through management commitment and some minor organizational restructuring two cases achieved some degree of turnaround. Total commitment to strategic management, organizational change, adequate communication, and accurate performance measures are keys to definitive turnarounds.     

Transit trip distribution model considering land use differences between catchment areas

Sustainable land use planning and advanced public transport system are believed to be effective solutions to traffic congestion. To this end, it is important to reveal the relationship between transit ridership and land use. However, current Direct Ridership Models only focus on the relationship between single station's boarding volume and the corresponding catchment area land use. This paper analyzed the ridership distribution between transit stations by considering the land use difference between catchment areas. Land use difference was calculated from point of interest (POI) data extracted from an electronic map of Beijing; transit trip distribution volume was obtained from ‘automatic fare collection’ facility. After data specification, a transit ridership distribution model was proposed and calibrated. The calibration results suggest that land use difference has a directly proportional correlation with transit ridership distribution. The research findings build a bridge between detailed urban form and public transport, which is of significance for the further research of sustainable urban planning. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Optimizing one‐way traffic network reconfiguration and lane‐based non‐diversion routing for evacuation

Unfortunately, situations such as flood, hurricanes, chemical accidents, and other events occur frequently more and more. To improve the efficiency and practicality of evacuation management plan, an integrated optimization model of one‐way traffic network reconfiguration and lane‐based non‐diversion routing with crossing elimination at intersection for evacuation is constructed in this paper. It is an integrated model aiming at minimizing the network clearance time based on Cell Transmission Model. A hybrid algorithm with modified genetic algorithm and tabu search method is devised for approximating optimal problem solutions. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed model and solving method, two cases are illustrated in this paper. Through the first example, it can be seen that the proposed model and algorithm can effectively solve the integrated problems, and compared with the objective value of the original network, the network clearance time of the final solution reduces by 47.4%. The calculation results for the realistic topology and size network of Ningbo in China, which locates on the east coast of the Pacific Ocean, justify the practical value of the model and solution method, and solutions under different settings of reduction amount of merging cell capacity embody obvious differences. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于整体规划框架的区域综合货运规划建模方法研究

区域一体化快速发展背景下，如何系统谋划区域综合交通运输规划，使经济、土地/空间及交通与环境协调发展，是实现区域可持续发展亟需深入研究的课题。因此，本文统筹考虑经济、 土地/空间及交通和环境要素的动态交互关系，提出大区域综合货运整体规划模型的设计与开发方法。利用PECAS(Production, Exchange and Consumption Allocation System)理论框架分析生产者、消费者、交换商品、土地(空间)和运输方式之间的交互关系，并通过PECAS的集计经济流表设计模型结构，构建相应的宏观经济预测、社会经济活动空间分配、空间开发以及交通运输需求预测这4个模块，模拟区域社会经济活动增长及其空间分布与土地/空间开发及综合交通需求时变等特征之间的互动耦合关系。在社会经济发展目标、土地空间和环境等约束条件下，通过构建空间经济模型和综合交通一体化网络分配模型，实现面向多货品和多方式的综合货运整体规划建模方法，以辅助区域产业布局、土地利用与综合交通系统的整体规划。本文以长江经济带为研究案例，基于相关数据构建相应的大区域综合货运整体规划模型，分析评估2012—2035年模型预测结果。结果显示，预测得到的综合交通年平均日货运量拟合优度超过85%，分担率误差低于1%， 验证了本文建模方法的有效性。     

城市低空物流无人机航迹规划模型研究

为提高物流无人机在城市低空环境下配送的安全性和公众接受程度，保证运输经济性，提出一种考虑运行风险、噪声水平和运输成本的城市低空物流无人机航迹规划方法。采用栅格法进行空域环境表征，建立基于风险的城市空域环境模型。结合物流配送要求，建立多目标、多约束的物流无人机航迹规划模型。采用改进A*算法进行求解：为降低航迹代价，设计估价函数预估成本；为保证飞行安全，引入安全保护区确保间隔；为提升搜索效率，采用动态步长加快搜索进程。仿真结果表明：本文模型和算法所得航迹的运行风险小、噪声水平低、运输成本低，能够实现多目标优化。分析模型参数可知，当各子目标代价权重分别为0.6、0.1和0.3时，规划航迹最优。 保证其余参数不变，增大安全间隔，则风险代价、运输成本代价总体呈增加趋势，噪声代价减少。 在本文规划环境下，参考大疆经纬200无人机参数，在安全间隔取15 m时，综合代价最小。