一种新型水下平台的水平面运动控制

新型水下平台用于从水面布放设备至海底,或从海底回收至水面指定位置,其主要运动形式为垂向无动力下潜或上浮。为了克服垂向运动过程中来自水平方向洋流的扰动,需要对平台的水平位置和首向进行控制。针对平台水动力系数等模型参数难以计算,水平洋流未知、且水平推进系统布置特殊的特点,设计了不依赖于模型参数且具有全局稳定性的水平面运动控制系统,并应用Lagrange方法对推力分配进行了优化从而减小运动控制的总功耗。最后通过仿真对控制算法进行了验证。     

Quantifying traveler information provision in dynamic heterogeneous traffic networks

Information is effectively the same as a change in uncertainty perceived by an observer. This paper adopts the strict definition of information from Shannon’s Information Theory and provides procedures for quantifying effective provision of traveler information, considering it to be equivalent to the change of perceived uncertainty. The proposed method combines a cognitive grouping theory and an information learning scheme at an individual’s level to evaluate the dynamic information provision in the unit of a bit. Such numerical quantification can be meaningful in evaluating alternatives with more fine-grained information provision strategies and understanding their equity impact. Quantifying information in a manner consistent with Information Theory also provides a ‘shared language’ that facilitates more constructive discussion among stakeholders from different backgrounds. The case study is conducted on a heterogeneous dynamic traffic network near Downtown Los Angeles for evaluating different alternatives of a proposed dynamic message board in terms of its location and dynamic content.     

Repeatability of ice-tank tests with broken ice

This study investigates the repeatability of ice-tank tests with broken ice. Ice-tank test campaigns normally do not perform multiple repetitions of tests with the same initial conditions. Therefore, the repeatability of ice-tank tests with broken ice is not well understood. Data from two test campaigns are analysed. The first test campaign studied the interaction between a 4-legged structure with a vertical waterline and several broken and intact level ice conditions. In the second test campaign, a ship hull geometry was tested. We analyse selected test cases from each test campaign. The ice-tank tests are reproduced using a 3-D discrete element method (DEM) model. Each analysed test case is simulated 20 times. The only difference between each simulation is the initial position of the ice floes. The numerical simulation results show that changes in the initial floe positions can cause large changes in the statistical properties of the ice load. Often, a single random interaction event can be identified that is responsible for the change in the results. Such interaction events can cause additional floe accumulation ahead of the structure, thereby influencing the load statistics for a large portion of the interaction length. The observed events occur both in the numerical simulations and in the physical ice-tank tests. This result indicates that ice-tank tests with broken ice have a poor repeatability; a change in an uncontrolled condition, such as the exact initial floe positions, can lead to a large variation in the experimental results.     

Airport capacity choice under airport-airline vertical arrangements

This study investigates the effects of airport-airline vertical arrangements on airport capacity choices under demand uncertainty. A multi-stage game is analysed, in which competing airlines contribute to capacity investments and share airport revenues. Our analytical results suggest that for a profit-maximising airport, such a vertical arrangement leads to higher capacity but may not increase its profit, whereas for a welfare-maximising airport, such an arrangement has no effect on capacity or welfare. Capital cost savings brought by airport-airline cooperation, if any, always lead to higher capacity, and to higher profit for a profit-maximising airport and higher welfare for a welfare-maximising airport. Numerical simulations reveal that win-win outcomes may be achieved for an airport and its airlines without government intervention.     

汽车追尾与交通流混沌模型研究

汽车追尾是一种严重的交通安全事故，研究追尾发生机理，是当前交通流研究的一个热点．文中根据车辆跟驰特性分析及不确定性原理，探讨了追尾发生的机理；建立了非线性跟车模型，并研究了该模型的混沌运动行为，物理上它可以描述车流的追尾现象．     

基于可信度的不确定性推理在公路软基处理专家系统中的应用

为提高公路软基处理决策的科学性,分析了公路软基处理知识的不确定性、模糊性和多因素影响的特点与专家系统的思维方式和基本原理,将基于可信度表示的不确定性推理引入公路软基处理专家系统中,采用产生式规则表示公路软基处理知识,采用正向推理和逆向推理相结合的混合推理方法,进行软土鉴别、路堤稳定与沉降计算方法选择、地基处理方案决策、软土地基处理设计与施工问题分析。实例分析表明:基于可信度的不确定性推理的应用提高了专家系统的交互化和智能化程度以及公路软土地基处理设计与施工技术的科学性。     

船舶舷侧细节结构的热点应力计算中的不确定性因素研究

疲劳是船舶结构一种重要的失效模式。在过去的十多年间，涌现出了一些不同的疲劳强度的评估方法，其中S－N曲线法在船级社中得到了广泛的应用。但是，仅就S－N曲线法中的热点应力法而言，不同的组织和个人所预报的疲劳寿命通常也存在很大差异，而计算所得的热点应力集中系数的不同是产生这些差异的一个重要影响因素。本文运用有限元比较研究的方法，对某船舶舷侧细节结构的热点应力计算中可能存在的不确定因素进行了综合分析。通过采用不同的单元类型，不同的建模方法以及不同的有限元软件ABAQUS和ANSYS，得出了相关结论，为正确计算此类船舶结构细节的热点应力提供了指导。     

轨检仪弦测法"以小推大"检查轨道轨向不平顺的理论研究

弦测法是轨道方向测量的一个基本方法,其主要不足在于它的幅值增益在空间频域内随不平顺波长变化而变化,这使弦测法的应用受到局限。本文讨论了弦测法的基本原理并推导了“以小推大”公式,在此基础上分析了轨检仪利用弦测法检测轨向不平顺时,“以小推大”方法的系统误差与随机误差,并进行了计算机仿真。仿真结果证明:“以小推大”公式对波长为整数倍弦长的线路原始轨向不平顺值能较好地进行拟合。最后,针对波长为非整数倍弦长的轨向不平顺值建议采用牛顿插值解法。