基于冲击回波法识别无砟轨道混凝土结构中的蜂窝伤损深度研究

为了研究高速铁路无砟轨道混凝土结构相继出现不同程度的伤损问题,借助于有限元软件ANSYS LSDYNA 3D数值模拟冲击回波,研究应力波在轨道板中的传播速度和传播规律,采用冲击回波法识别轨道板中蜂窝伤损的深度。研究结果表明:应力波在蜂窝伤损和砂浆界面发生反射,在频谱图中形成不同峰值,通过频谱伤损定位原理可以确定出轨道板中蜂窝伤损的具体深度。     

Parameters optimisation of a vehicle suspension system using a particle swarm optimisation algorithm

The purpose of this paper is to determine the lumped suspension parameters that minimise a multi-objective function in a vehicle model under different standard PSD road profiles. This optimisation tries to meet the rms vertical acceleration weighted limits for human sensitivity curves from ISO 2631 [ISO-2631: guide for evaluation of human exposure to whole-body vibration. Europe; 1997] at the driver's seat, the road holding capability and the suspension working space. The vehicle is modelled in the frequency domain using eight degrees of freedom under a random road profile. The particle swarm optimisation and sequential quadratic programming algorithms are used to obtain the suspension optimal parameters in different road profile and vehicle velocity conditions. A sensitivity analysis is performed using the obtained results and, in Class G road profile, the seat damping has the major influence on the minimisation of the multi-objective function. The influence of vehicle parameters in vibration attenuation is analysed and it is concluded that the front suspension stiffness should be less stiff than the rear ones when the driver's seat relative position is located forward the centre of gravity of the car body. Graphs and tables for the behaviour of suspension parameters related to road classes, used algorithms and velocities are presented to illustrate the results. In Class A road profile it was possible to find optimal parameters within the boundaries of the design variables that resulted in acceptable values for the comfort, road holding and suspension working space.     

The impact of structural flexibilities of wheelsets and rails on the hunting behaviour of a railway vehicle

The hunting motion of a passenger coach is investigated using a multibody system in which the wheelsets and the rails can be modelled as flexible bodies. By comparing the results for different model variants, in which the structural flexibilities of the wheelsets and of the rails are either taken into account or neglected, the impact of the flexibilities is analysed. It turns out that the flexibilities of both the wheelsets and the rails have a significant impact on the hunting behaviour by increasing the lateral motions of the wheelsets and lowering the critical speed. In order to investigate the impact of the flexibilities under different operating conditions, the calculations are carried out for track geometries using different rail profiles (60E1, 60E2) and different rail cants (1:40, 1:20) and for different values for the friction coefficient (0.25…0.4) at the wheel–rail contact. The results show that the influence of the flexibilities is the strongest for high lateral forces, which occur e.g. for contact geometries leading to high hunting frequencies and for high values of the friction coefficient. The results also show in some cases a strong impact of the flexibilities on the position of the wheel–rail contact on the running surface of the rail, which is of particular interest with respect to wear simulation.     

低动力作用货车转向架动力性能的研究

本文探讨低动力作用货车转向架的原理及其动力性能的计算和评估方法。首先定义9项指标,作为衡量车辆对轨道动力作用的标准。然后研究这些指标的诸因素。在此基础上总结出实现低动力作用的基本途径。本文还应用这些研究成果,提出4种低动力作用货车转向架的设计方案,并通过数值计算,同国内、外主型货车转向架对比,从而论证其在我国铁路采用的可行性。     

自动闭塞区段短区间接近轨道电路的设计与研究

四显示自动闭塞区段,车站计算机联锁一般需要3个闭塞分区作为接近轨道,当两站之间距离较短,少于3个闭塞分区时,则需要对接近轨的逻辑电路进行特殊处理。以神头站至大新站短区间为例,介绍以大新站进站信号机至出站信号机之间作为神头站的1JG、大新站出站信号机至1LQG为神头站的2JG的特殊情况,详细分析接近轨道电路的原理,并对具体工程应用进行说明。     

高速铁路双块式无砟轨道路基地段结构设计与施工技术研究

为了提高双块式无砟轨道的设计和施工质量,首先对路基地段双块式无砟轨道道床板和支承层的功能定位进行分析,提出连续道床板和分块道床板两种结构设计方案的主要特点和设计要点,并对两种设计方案进行结构受力和配筋计算。然后从抗压强度、结构耐久性、疲劳强度、裂缝控制等要求研究道床板混凝土的强度等级,提出道床板混凝土强度采用C40是足够的,且强度不宜太高。最后结合目前双块式无砟轨道施工和运营经验,提出道床板和支承层在施工过程中应注意的一些问题。     

Influence of polygonal wear of railway wheels on the wheel set axle stress

The coupled vehicle/track dynamic model with the flexible wheel set was developed to investigate the effects of polygonal wear on the dynamic stresses of the wheel set axle. In the model, the railway vehicle was modelled by the rigid multibody dynamics. The wheel set was established by the finite element method to analyse the high-frequency oscillation and dynamic stress of wheel set axle induced by the polygonal wear based on the modal stress recovery method. The slab track model was taken into account in which the rail was described by the Timoshenko beam and the three-dimensional solid finite element was employed to establish the concrete slab. Furthermore, the modal superposition method was adopted to calculate the dynamic response of the track. The wheel/rail normal forces and the tangent forces were, respectively, determined by the Hertz nonlinear contact theory and the Shen–Hedrick–Elkins model. Using the coupled vehicle/track dynamic model, the dynamic stresses of wheel set axle with consideration of the ideal polygonal wear and measured polygonal wear were investigated. The results show that the amplitude of wheel/rail normal forces and the dynamic stress of wheel set axle increase as the vehicle speeds rise. Moreover, the impact loads induced by the polygonal wear could excite the resonance of wheel set axle. In the resonance region, the amplitude of the dynamic stress for the wheel set axle would increase considerably comparing with the normal conditions.     

聚丙烯纤维砼在水利枢纽工程泵站中的应用

针对无锡市仙蠡桥水利枢纽工程主泵房工程所处环境和工作条件特殊,泵站站身外形和结构复杂的情况,选择掺粉煤灰、聚丙烯纤维以及高效减水剂的泵送砼,进行配合比设计,测试主要物理力学性能和采用合理的施工工艺,得到抗裂、抗渗、抗冻和抗冲耐磨性能均较好的砼结构.     

CRTSⅡ型先导段无砟轨道底座板纵联施工技术

结合京沪高速铁路无砟轨道底座板纵联的实际,阐述了底座板纵联施工的工艺流程,探讨了底座板纵联的控制要点,以期提高底座板纵联的施工质量。     

The dynamic response of rail support

This research reviews principles behind the dynamic response of rail supports, and introduces a method of analysis to find the maximum response in a realistic setting. Assuming a time-dependent, moving mass with massive wheels is essential, because the ratio of the moving mass to the rail mass is significant. However, the dynamic response of the track is not affected by dynamic properties of the train other than its unsprung mass, because the natural frequencies of the train suspension and track are significantly different. A numerical method is developed to model the dynamic response based on these principles, and applied to the Korean urban transit. The dynamic response includes multiple peaks with a large amplitude range, creating noise while the wheel passes the support. The dynamic impact factor (DIF) for the rail support depends mainly on the stiffness and damping of the rail support. The DIF for the rail moment is below the code value, whether this value is based on numerical analysis or on-site measurements. However, our numerical analysis results in a DIF for support settlement that is greater than the code value, if the damping is less than 3%.