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2004年发生于珠江口的“12·7”船舶碰撞溢油事故(以下简称“12·7”事故)被成功处置后,广东海事局在总结该事故处置经验的基础上,于2005年在珠江口开展了代号为“碧洋行动”的溢油应急演练。通过对“碧洋行动”设定的事故场景之一的推演和评估可以看到珠江口区域溢油应急合作对于该区域溢油事故应急处置的重要意义。 相似文献
83.
Water-filled double-layer structures are typical hull structures. However, the effect of the carried water has often been neglected in previous collision studies. The carried water couples with the hull structure and participates in the energy absorption process, which reduces the collision damage done to the hull structure. This paper focuses on the effects of compressible carried water on the collision characteristics of a hull structure. Therefore, collision experiments with a simplified double-layer structure (water tank) were performed, and the corresponding collision process was simulated with the finite-element method. The two kinds of pressure (a shock wave and pressure disturbance) generated in the carried water when the water tank collides with a striker were investigated. By comparing the dynamic characteristics of empty and completely filled water tanks, it can be observed that the pressure of the carried water can reduce the displacement of the outer plate and change its deformation shape. Furthermore, the effects of pressure on the collision force and displacement of the inner plate were investigated. Finally, the collision characteristics of a typical water-filled side structure are presented as an example. 相似文献
84.
公务船在领海和专属经济区执行维权执法任务时,存在较高的与其他船舶发生主动或被动碰撞的风险。为了准确评估公务船的耐撞性能,本文以某公务船为例,考虑多种计算工况,对目标船的耐撞性能进行动态响应计算,获得了机舱及首部区域的结构损伤、应力、能量吸收等动态结构响应,并计算获得被撞船达到临界状态时的极限撞击速度。研究成果可为公务船的防撞结构设计提供参考。 相似文献
85.
This paper discusses the fracture response in a collision scenario together with the discretization of the model, and it compares various approaches suggested by current design rules and proposed by researchers using a validation approach with different model scales; including material tests, indentation experiments and simulations of an actual full-scale collision event. Calibration of the fracture criteria is performed based only on data that can safely be assumed to be available in a design situation, namely, those from a uniaxial tensile test. This approach reveals the behavior of each criterion as it would be in a design situation and avoids the possibility of calibration toward a known solution. The robustness of the fracture criteria, i.e., their ability to simulate fracture given varying stress states and mesh sizes, are investigated based on simulations of experiments. The statistical variations for the various criteria are shown. 相似文献
86.
Connected Vehicle Technology (CVT) requires wireless data transmission between vehicles (V2V), and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I). Evaluating the performance of different network options for V2V and V2I communication that ensure optimal utilization of resources is a prerequisite when designing and developing robust wireless networks for CVT applications. Though dedicated short range communication (DSRC) has been considered as the primary communication option for CVT safety applications, the use of other wireless technologies (e.g., Wi-Fi, LTE, WiMAX) allow longer range communications and throughput requirements that could not be supported by DSRC alone. Further, the use of other wireless technology potentially reduces the need for costly DSRC infrastructure. In this research, the authors evaluated the performance of Het-Net consisting of Wi-Fi, DSRC and LTE technologies for V2V and V2I communications. An application layer handoff method was developed to enable Het-Net communication for two CVT applications: traffic data collection, and forward collision warning. The handoff method ensures the optimal utilization of available communication options (i.e., eliminate the need of using multiple communication options at the same time) and corresponding backhaul communication infrastructure depending on the connected vehicle application requirements. Field studies conducted in this research demonstrated that the use of Het-Net broadened the range and coverage of V2V and V2I communications. The use of the application layer handoff technique to maintain seamless connectivity for CVT applications was also successfully demonstrated and can be adopted in future Het-Net supported connected vehicle applications. A long handoff time was observed when the application switches from LTE to Wi-Fi. The delay is largely due to the time required to activate the 802.11 link and the time required for the vehicle to associate with the RSU (i.e., access point). Modifying the application to implement a soft handoff where a new network is seamlessly connected before breaking from the existing network can greatly reduce (or eliminate) the interruption of network service observed by the application. However, the use of a Het-Net did not compromise the performance of the traffic data collection application as this application does not require very low latency, unlike connected vehicle safety applications. Field tests revealed that the handoff between networks in Het-Net required several seconds (i.e., higher than 200 ms required for safety applications). Thus, Het-Net could not be used to support safety applications that require communication latency less than 200 ms. However, Het-Net could provide additional/supplementary connectivity for safety applications to warn vehicles upstream to take proactive actions to avoid problem locations. To validate and establish the findings from field tests that included a limited number of connected vehicles, ns-3 simulation experiments with a larger number of connected vehicles were conducted involving a DSRC and LTE Het-Net scenario. The latency and packet delivery error trend obtained from ns-3 simulation were found to be similar to the field experiment results. 相似文献
87.
88.
一般情况下,渔船集中、数量多,且渔船的行动多变,所显示的号灯不规范,商船值班人员对渔船作为直航船舶对待的疏忽以及望判断失误等,很容易造成碰撞事故。在分析商船和鱼船碰撞事故原因的基础上,就如何正确理解避碰规则、商船相遇渔船时如何避让、如何保持正规望,做好驾驶台班组管理等方面进行了探讨,并提出了一些建议和看法。 相似文献
89.
In low- and middle-income countries, the high price paid for mobility in terms of human loss and suffering is forecast to rise to unprecedented levels. More than 50 million deaths and 500 million serious injuries on the world's roads can be projected with some certainty over the first 50 years of the 21st century, unless sustained new initiatives are taken. This paper addresses the emergence of road safety as a development priority over the last decade and the management challenges facing the planned global response aimed at bringing road safety outcomes in developing countries under control. It outlines the decade of advocacy that created the UN Decade of Action for Road Safety 2011–2020 and related Global Plan, and highlights the concern that over the coming decade low and middle income countries will face considerable management challenges in successfully implementing related measures and sustaining their delivery. The paper discusses new road safety management tools that have been developed by the World Bank and ISO to provide assistance to countries and organizations within an integrated framework that ensures that measures taken are properly sequenced and adjusted to their absorptive and learning capacities. It concludes that strengthened institutions and the accelerated knowledge creation and transfer central to this, plus scaled-up investment and increased international cooperation and development aid are critical to the successful achievement of the Global Plan's ambitious goal. 相似文献
90.