Near surface deformation of rails and wheels in a curve and during acceleration and braking

A hierarchical concept for describing the rolling/sliding contact of a wheel on a rail is proposed, which is developed to model the near surface deformation of the contacting partners depending on the vehicle system dynamics. In principal the vehicle dynamics simulation delivers the input for a static finite element model for the elastic-plastic rolling/sliding contact investigation. To include also more realistic rough surfaces in the calculations, which is absolutely necessary to predict the highly deformed surface layer as observed in wheels and rails, a further refinement of the mesh is necessary and performed. The output values of the static finite element model are now boundary conditions for the finite element micro-model. The results of this micro-model correspond well with the micro-structural investigations of wheel and rail surfaces.     

Recent research on welding distortion prediction in thin plate fabrication by means of elastic FE computation

Elastic FE simulation with inherent deformation and interface element is an ideal and practical computational approach for predicting welding distortion in production of thin plate structures. In this study, recent researches on inherent deformation theory and welding induced buckling investigation of ship panel were sequentially introduced. Taking bead-on-plate welding as research objective (plate with 2.28 mm in thickness), integration approach with inherent strain was proposed to accurately and conveniently evaluate magnitude of inherent deformation. Also, average temperature to clarify the mechanism of influential effect of plate width on magnitude of inherent deformation was presented and examined. With the mechanism investigation of welding induced buckling by elastic FE analysis using inherent deformation, an application for predicting and mitigating the welding induced buckling in fabrication of ship panel with thin plates by employing different welding procedure patterns was carried out. Examined intermittent zigzag welding procedure is effective to reduce the magnitude of in-plane inherent shrinkages and control the possible welding induced buckling.     

A maximum entropy-least squares estimator for elastic origin-destination trip matrix estimation

In transportation subnetwork-supernetwork analysis, it is well known that the origin-destination (O-D) flow table of a subnetwork is not only determined by trip generation and distribution, but also a result from traffic routing and diversion, due to the existence of internal-external, external-internal and external-external flows. This result indicates the variable nature of subnetwork O-D flows. This paper discusses an elastic O-D flow table estimation problem for subnetwork analysis. The underlying assumption is that each cell of the subnetwork O-D flow table contains an elastic demand function rather than a fixed demand rate and the demand function can capture all traffic diversion effect under various network changes. We propose a combined maximum entropy-least squares estimator, by which O-D flows are distributed over the subnetwork in terms of the maximum entropy principle, while demand function parameters are estimated for achieving the least sum of squared estimation errors. While the estimator is powered by the classic convex combination algorithm, computational difficulties emerge within the algorithm implementation until we incorporate partial optimality conditions and a column generation procedure into the algorithmic framework. Numerical results from applying the combined estimator to a couple of subnetwork examples show that an elastic O-D flow table, when used as input for subnetwork flow evaluations, reflects network flow changes significantly better than its fixed counterpart.     

南京四桥高弹改性沥青混凝土配合比设计研究

高弹改性沥青混凝土因其优良性能而较多的应用于钢桥面复合浇注铺装的上层,本文基于日本高弹改性沥青混凝土的配合比设计方法,结合南京第四长江大桥钢桥面铺装麒麟互通钢箱梁匝道桥试验段实际工程,确定了适合于南京四桥钢桥面铺装的高弹改性沥青混合料的配比,并对其性能进行了试验检测。     

不等长群桩基础设计计算方法分析

文章阐述了桩长差异带来的问题,提出了不等长群桩基础内力和位移计算方法及计算公式,并结合某高速公路上的一座特大桥工程实例,对文章推导的计算方法进行验证,结果表明该计算方法是可行的。     

浅谈盾构隧道管片拼装接缝的防水处理

文章以广州地铁二号线“赤岗—鹭江区间隧道”工程为例,对EPDM弹性止水条和遇水膨胀止水条两种材料的各项性能指标进行了对比分析,阐述了EPDM弹性止水条的综合性能和施工技术要点。在实际工程中采用EPDM弹性止水条,较好地解决了当前国内盾构隧道的渗漏质量通病——管片衬砌接缝的防水问题。     

双层板架的屈曲分析

将大型船舶的双层板架模型化为正交异性极,考虑横向剪切变形和材料非弹性的影响,提出了一种在弹性角约束边界条件下求解双层板架临界应力的方法。利用该方法,对几种特定边界条件下一系列的矩形权进行了屈曲计算,其结果与已有文献的解答相比吻合较好。     

能量守恒原理在Ⅴ级围岩隧道衬砌设计中的应用研究

在围岩-衬砌这个封闭系统中,隧道的开挖和支护过程伴随着能量的传递和转化,不考虑热能散失并将围岩视为弹性体,则围岩势能的释放即为衬砌结构弹性应变能的增加。刘红燕等[1-2]利用该能量守恒原理对Ⅲ级围岩单线铁路隧道进行了衬砌厚度的计算,在此研究成果的基础上进一步研究了能量守恒原理对于Ⅴ级围岩衬砌设计的适用情况。针对Ⅴ级围岩建立FLAC3D模型动态模拟隧道的开挖过程,利用matlab语言编写弹性应变能密度函数从而得到实体模型各单元的弹性应变能,最后得到特定范围内围岩势能随掘进深度的变化曲线。由此围岩势能变化曲线可得出隧道开挖后围岩的势能释放值。此外,通过进行钢纤维混凝土(SFRC)构件的韧性试验,确定SFRC三分梁破坏与SFRC衬砌破坏时的能量消耗关系。据此建立能量方程并可得出SFRC衬砌的理论厚度,经检算,设计厚度满足安全性要求。结果表明,能量守恒原理的隧道衬砌设计方法不再受Ⅱ、Ⅲ级围岩小断面情形的限制,它同样适用于V级围岩大断面隧道的衬砌设计。     

The Methodology Research on the Test and Evaluation of Static Stiffness of Elastic Pads in Elastic Separated FastenerEI北大核心

Research purposes: In order to explore the reasonable test and evaluation methods of the static stiffness of the elastic pads in elastic separated fastener, the influences of various factors on the static stiffness of the elastic pads were tested and analyzed by single factor test, a reasonable static stiffness test plan for the elastic pads was proposed. Besides, the evaluation suggestions for static stiffness of rail pad and baseplate pad were analyzed in terms of the installation state of the elastic separated fastener. Research conclusions:(1) The test of the static stiffness of elastic pad should include two stages: preloading stage and formal loading stage. Firstly, the elastic pad shall be preloaded with no less than 2 times at a loading rate of 3-5 kN/s, and the preloaded maximum load shall be at least 10 kN higher than the static stiffness test load range of the elastic pad. Then, formal loading is supposed to be carried out at least 3 times with a loading rate of 1~2 kN/s, and at both ends of the load range the load should be maintained for 90 s, which could be shortened to 60 s in special case when the load is less than 100 kN. Finally, the static stiffness of the elastic pad is calculated by the average value of the three test results. (2) The evaluation methods of static stiffness of rail pad and baseplate pad are dissimilar. The static stiffness of the rail pad could be evaluated by the secant stiffness in the range of 20~70 kN, while the evaluation of static stiffness of baseplate pad should be processed in terms of the reasonable static stiffness test load range of baseplate pad determined by the installation torque of anchored bolt. (3) This research results can be applied in the test and evaluation of static stiffness of rail pad and baseplate pad in elastic separated fastener. © 2018, Editorial Department of Journal of Railway Engineering Society. All right reserved.     

Elastic Dynamic Stability of Big-Span Power Transmission Tower Subjected to Seismic Excitations

By combining the time-history response analysis and the eigenvalue buckling analysis,this paper developed a computational procedure to study the elastic dynamic stability of a transmission tower by APDL language in ANSYS.The influences of different input directions of seismic excitations and damping ratio on the elastic dynamic stability of tower were discussed.The following conclusions were obtained:(1) Longitudinal direction of the transmission lines is the worst input direction of seismic excitation for the transmission tower.(2) Dead load has no significant effect on the critical load and the occurrence time of buckling.(3) Vertical input of seismic excitations has no great effect on the dynamic stability of the transmission tower.(4) Damping effect has an influence on the dynamic stability of the transmission tower; however,the inherent characteristics of dynamic buckling is not changed.