基于Ⅱ型弹条的小半径曲线扣件设计研究

通过对既有普通线路小半径曲线扣件系统存在的弹条扣压力衰减快、轨距块断裂、垫板裂化等问题展开小半径曲线用扣件系统优化研究。在II型扣件系统基础上,增设12 mm厚铁垫板和4 mm厚的尼龙垫片,将挡板座与铁垫板一体化设计,共同承担钢轨传来的横向力,改进后的扣件系统与Ⅲa型轨枕配套使用,轨距调整量可达18mm,满足小半径曲线轨距加宽15 mm的使用要求。并用有限元软件计算弹条采用不同半径时的各项技术指标,结果表明:弹条直径选用14 mm时,扣压力较大,最大等效应力和弹程适当,各项性能最优。将设计优化后的扣件系统在某编组站溜放线进行试装,接近1年的使用表明该扣件系统应用状况良好,未出现弹条松动、轨距扩大现象,Ⅲa型轨枕的病害也大大减少。     

道岔区轮轨力转移与分配特性研究

道岔区复杂的轮轨接触状态决定了其轮轨力特性与一般线路相比存在较大的差异。利用空间轮轨接触几何关系理论和Hertz非线性弹性接触理论，研究道岔区车轮与同侧并列的2股钢轨同时接触的2点接触问题。依据2点接触时轮轨弹性压缩量计算每一接触点上的轮轨力，由此确定车辆侧向和直向通过时的轮轨2点接触范围以及轮轨力转移和分配特性。结果表明：2股钢轨上轮轨力转移和分配特性不仅与钢轨外形、轨顶高度和宽度有关，而且与车辆过岔方式有关；考虑轮轨2点接触后的计算方法，消除了单点接触轮轨力计算中轮轨接触点从一股钢轨转移到另一股钢轨上时引起的轮轨力突变，使得轮轨力变化更为平顺和真实。     

Finite element calculations of rail vibration countermeasures

Elastic waves may constitute a nuisance for people living close to high-speed lines. In order to decrease the spread of vibrations, it is common to reinforce the ground with lime cement columns. This article presents the results of simulations of three different ways to install the columns. The calculations have been done with an integrated rigid body—finite element model. Equations from various physical domains are merged into one big system. The results indicate that the straight configuration works best to protect the track. When attention is focused on preventing vibrations from the soil, the leaning column method is more effective. The chosen technique would depend on the aims of the countermeasure.     

Dynamic Response of Elastic Sleeper Ballasted Track on Bridge

A vehicle-track-bridge coupling dynamics model was built based on the theory of vehicle-track coupling dynamics. Using this model, a comparison was made between the dynamic response of an elastic sleeper ballasted track and a common sleeper ballasted track on bridge under the same working conditions. The results show that laying elastic sleepers on the bridge could solve the problem of large track stiffness caused by a thin ballast thickness, and improve the dynamic response of the bridge. This is beneficial to train operation safety and riding comfort.     

高弹性联轴器及其在舰船和陆用动力装置中的应用

在轴系中安装高弹性联轴器是各种先进舰船及陆用动力装置治理振动噪声的一种简单有效的技术手段，本文着地几种有代表性的应用高弹性联轴器的动力装置进行了介绍和分析，并简述了国内高弹性联轴器的技术水平和生产状态。     

Elastic response characteristics of a very large floating structure in waves moored inside a reef

 This article describes the results of hydraulic model tests of the elastic response of a very large floating structure (VLFS) moored inside a reef in an isolated island. The distributions of strains and vertical displacements due to the elastic response of the VLFS were measured. The response characteristics were strongly affected by deformed nonlinear waves inside the reef. A two-step analytical method to compute the elastic response of a VLFS is proposed, and its validity is verified using the results of the hydraulic model tests. Received: May 2, 2002 / Accepted: March 17, 2003 RID="*" ID="*" Address correspondence to: S. Shiraishi (shiraishi@pari.go.jp) Acknowledgment. This study was supported by the Program for Promotions of Fundamental Transport Technology Research from the Corporation for Advanced Transport and Technology (CATT).     

弹性需求随机路网的可靠性

路网的可靠性分析是反映路网性能的重要手段,但现有的可靠性指标还不能充分反映路网的性能。基于净经济效益概念,提出一种新的可靠性指标以描述弹性需求随机路网的性能。新的可靠性指标定义为路网的净经济效益满足给定水平的概率,是一种能够反映路网综合性能的指标。针对路段通行能力分布的不同假设,给出分别基于MonteCarlo法和解析法的两种不同算法求解可靠性模型,并讨论了两种方法的特点和应用范围,同时用一个简单的例子进行了说明。     

湿陷性黄土暗穴的综合地球物理探测试验研究

文章是地球物理探测湿陷性黄土暗穴的系列试验成果,大量模拟计算和野外试验表明,电磁波和弹性波的两大类地球物理探测技术,是探测黄土暗穴的主流技术。而高密度电法和瞬变电磁法,则是成本低、效率高、准确率大的有效普查方法;多道瞬态面波技术、浅层地震勘探的组合技术,是实现黄土暗穴精细探测切实可行的实用技术;探地雷达在特定条件下才具备较高的精度。     

Experimental study on the wave-induced dynamic response and hydrodynamic characteristics of a submerged floating tunnel with elastically truncated boundary condition

Hydrodynamic load and motion response are the first considerations in the structural design of a submerged floating tunnel (SFT). Currently, most of the relevant studies have been based on a two-dimensional model test with a fixed or fully free boundary condition, which inhibits a deep investigation of the hydrodynamic characteristics with an elastic constraint. As a result, a series of difficulties exist in the structural design and analysis of an SFT. In this study, an SFT model with a one-degree-of-freedom vertical elastically truncated boundary condition was established to investigate the motion response and hydrodynamic characteristics of the tube under the wave action. The effect of several typical hydrodynamic parameters, such as the buoyancy-weight ratio, γ, the relative frequency, f/f_N, the Keulegan–Carpenter (KC) number, the reduced velocity, U_r, the Reynolds number, Re, and the generalized Ursell_s number, on the motion characteristics of the tube, were selectively analyzed, and the reverse feedback mechanism from the tube's motion response to the hydrodynamic loads was confirmed. Finally, the critical hydrodynamic parameters corresponding to the maximum motion response at different values of γ were obtained, and a formula for calculating the hydrodynamic load parameters of the SFT in the motion state was established. The main conclusions of this study are as follows: (i) Under the wave action, the motion of the SFT shows an apparent nonlinearity, which is mainly caused by the intensive interaction between the tube and its surrounding water particles, as well as the nonlinearity of the wave. (ii) The relative displacement of the tube first increases and then decreases with increasing values of f/f_N, U_r, KC number, Re, and the generalized Ursell_s number. (iii) γ is inversely proportional to the maximum relative displacement of the tube and the wave force on the tube in its motion direction. (iv) Under the motion boundary condition (as opposed to the fixed boundary condition), the peak frequency of the wave force on the SFT in its motion direction decreases and approaches the natural vibration frequency of the tube, whereas the wave force perpendicular to the motion direction increases. When the incident wave frequency is close to the natural vibration frequency of the tube, the tube resonates easily, leading to an increased wave force in the motion direction. (v) If the velocity in the Morison equation is substituted by the water particle velocity measured when the tube is at its equilibrium position, the inertia coefficient in the motion direction of the tube is linearly related to its displacement, whereas that in the direction perpendicular to the motion direction is logarithmically related to its displacement.