Impacts of trade related sustainability strategies on freight transportation: Modelling framework and application for France

The circular and functional economies are being presented in the literature as potential strategies for future sustainable societies. In terms of the consequences for supply chains, they will promote a much more dispersed and diversified, local and network based usage of goods than the current economy, which is comparatively linear, concentrated, long distance oriented and scale economy based. A gap in the literature is the assessment of the effects of these systems on freight transport flows. In our paper, we present a first attempt at estimating this impact using freight transport scenario building and quantitative modelling. In order to translate the main parameters that characterize these systems into factors determining freight transportation volumes, we develop a framework based on a typology of goods categories describing functional and spatial proximity between producers and consumers. In order to simulate changes in the economy, we develop scenarios for the shifting of goods from one category to another and, additionally, include internalization policies that should guide their realization. We calculate the impacts on freight flows using a new interregional transport model for France that includes distribution chains and produces estimates of external costs of transport. Our results show that circular and functional economies could lead to a 2–5% reduction of air pollutant emissions and up to a 14–26% reduction if combined with the internalization of external costs. The scenario with ongoing mass production for differentiated demand is found to lead to a 5% increase of environmental impacts compared to the baseline.     

6S现场管理在货车检修生产中的应用

6S现场管理是针对企业生产现场管理的有效方法,符合铁路倡导人本管理的精神。结合铁路货车检修生产实际,指出应用6S现场管理方法的主要内容和关键要点。     

货车用新型工程塑料心盘衬垫的研究

铁路机车车辆上下心盘的磨耗，是机车车辆一惯性质量问题。解决此问题的有效方法是在上下心盘间配置新型工程塑料制成的车辆心盘衬垫。文章从原因分析入手，解决了理论计算与实际使用中受力的差异，弄清了车辆心盘衬垫在运行状态下受纵向、横向、扭力及动载加速度等因素影响时与材质物性间的关系，从而确立了合理选材、配方设计、结构设计的科学方案。     

国际货运代理业应当尽快实施收益管理

收益管理作为一项先进的管理技术,在国际货运代理业尚未得到充分应用。现以国际货运代理业中最重要的业务之一——国际集装箱运输代理业务为例,探讨国际货运代理业可否实行收益管理,并从可行性、必要性和紧迫性等三个方面,进行较为详细的分析和论述,得出国际货运代理业开展收益管理不仅是可行的,而且是十分必要的,同时也是急待实施的结论,从而为国际货运代理业实施收益管理提供理论支持。     

模糊控制理论的研究进展及其在铁路货物列车自动化控制系统中的应用

综述模糊控制理论研究的进展。分析模糊控制器的解析结构,分析模糊控制系统的函数逼近能力的稳定性,分析模糊控制技术与其它软计算方法如神经网络、遗传算法的结合。研究模糊控制技术与遗传算法相结合在铁路货物列车自动化控制系统中的应用,货物运输的自动控制属于多目标系统控制,通过对模糊PI控制器最敏感的参数,如比例因子和隶属度函数等进行寻优,使系统性能得到了显著改善。     

超限严格管制下公路货运运力结构预测研究

针对传统的超限运输运力结构预测模型中,将车辆超限部分轴载转化为同一车型满轴载通过假设的不足,本文基于运力均衡的思想建立了超限严格管制下公路货运运力结构预测模型。在轴载调查的基础上,模型以单车装载量的累积概率分布需同单位货物重量的累积概率分布相一致为求解目标,推测了各轴型车辆总重谱的偏移情况,进而对超限管制变动下的公路货运车型结构及运量结构进行预测。模型在公路安徽世行项目II———超载运输研究中的使用结果表明,在超限运输严格管制条件下,2-S2将取代SU2成为公路货运的主力车型。     

FFA在航运市场风险管理中的应用

随着国际干散货贸易的繁荣和运价波动性的加大,在过去几年里FFA市场也得到较大发展。分析国际干散货航运市场的不确定性,介绍远期运费协议(FFA)的含义及其在国际干散货航运市场中的发展情况,探讨FFA风险管理的作用,最后,面对航运市场较大的波动性,提出中国船东和租家必须学会利用FFA这一新的工具进行风险管理的建议。     

Directness as a key performance indicator for freight transport chains

From the perspective of a transport service buyer and at the abstraction level of material flows, all transports travel directly from product supplier to product customer. In reality, however, the directness of transport services depends on factors such as geography, available infrastructure, temporary conditions, shippers' qualitative preferences, the economy of and practical possibilities for consolidation and access to return flows. This work examines directness by structuring and elaborating upon the causes of freight transport detours and briefly analysing their effect. The article also includes a discussion about the prospects of capturing directness in a KPI, and how such a measure can be designed, measured, monitored and used, as well as a brief analysis of the consequences of using it for monitoring and controlling supply chain performance.     

我国客货共线铁路列车荷载图式深化研究

随着我国高速铁路网建设和投入运营,通过高效利用既有客货共线铁路发展重载运输是铁路货运发展的主要方向之一。既有客货共线铁路是货运网络的主体,由于受既有设计列车荷载标准制约,为避免大范围改造线路基础设施,铁路通用货车宜定位为轴重270 k N、载重800 k N级;新建客货共线铁路桥涵结构应能适应大轴重铁路通用货车的开行要求。根据铁路货运机车和车辆的作用特征、货车每延米重与轴重不同比增长关系等因素,为提高设计列车荷载图式对中小跨度桥涵结构和影响线加载长度短的杆(构)件加载效应,同时避免过大荷载等级系数z的取值,将中-活载(2005)图式中特种荷载集中力量值由250 k N修订为280 k N。     

多车多件货物装载布局优化模型与算法

以多车多件货物装载布局方案为研究对象,建立以标记载重量和有效容积综合利用率最大为目标函数,以货物合重心不超过容许偏移量、各件货物摆放位置不重合、货物不超出承载车辆边界、车辆承载货物总重量不超过车辆标记载重最,车辆承载货物总体积不超过车辆有效容积、货物不被重复装载等为主要约束条件的多车多件货物装载布局优化模型.设计以类First Fit划分算法和重容比为基础的模型求解算法,以制定货物装载布局方案.实例表明:用所提出的模型和算法能快速获得车辆利用效果良好、货物装载布局合理的装载布局方案.