Operational Oceanography System applied to the Prestige oil-spillage event

This contribution describes the procedure used during the Prestige oil-spillage event, by means of an Operational Oceanography System, and the behaviour of the present prediction tools (hydrodynamic and dispersion models) applied to it. The accuracy of these tools is estimated by a reanalysis of field data transmitted by a sea surface drifting buoy, released at the time of the oil spill. The numerical models applied were the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS), fed by the available six-hourly NCEP atmospheric information, together with a Lagrangian Particle-Tracking Model (LPTM). ROMS has been used to estimate the current fields for the Bay of Biscay, whilst the LPTM has provided the oil spill trajectories. The results demonstrate that the accuracy of the numerical models depends upon the quality of the meteorological input data. In this case, the current fields at the sea surface, derived by ROMS, have been underestimated by the wind fields of the NCEP reanalysis data. An efficient calibration of these wind fields, with data provided by the Gascony buoy (fixed oceanic and atmospheric station), achieves more realistic looking results; this is reflected in the comparison between the buoy trajectory predicted numerically and the tracked movements of the drifting buoy.     

在福建湄洲湾建设煤炭储运基地势在必行

湄洲湾具有丰富的深水岸线资源,具备建设煤炭储运基地的优良条件。文章阐述在莆田湄洲湾建设煤炭储运基地的重要意义和建设的必要性及可行性。     

Competing Visions for Marine Tenure and Co-Management: Genesis of a Marine Management Area System in Chile

Chile has been attempting to establish a Management Area (MA) system that melds the use of marine protected areas with marine tenure. The process has brought to the fore the competing interests of various user groups: artisanal fishermen, marine science professionals, government managers, tourist developers, and the Navy. We explore the core relationships among fishermen and the ecologists and biologists whose work is essential for establishing and maintaining a MA. The MA system's creation and implementation raise the key question of whether a marine tenure system can work under the conditions imposed by the Chilean government. There is a need to recognize and reconcile contradictions in a government management model that strives simultaneously to be a conservation zone and a financially profitable co-management zone. This article examines the MA management system's fault lines in the context of Chile's political economy, and the intimate interaction of management with fishermen's cultural survival strategies.     

杭州湾跨海大桥设计咨询综述

介绍了杭州湾跨海大桥从工可到施工图设计各阶段设计咨询开展的主要工作内容、形成的主要咨询意见和建议,以及咨询意见和建议被设计采纳后在完善设计方面取得的成效。     

海上承台施工技术

以杭州湾跨海大桥Ⅳ合同工程为背景,从承台的钢套箱设计、钢套箱封底、承台钢筋混凝土,以及混凝土养护和温控等方面的施工,介绍海上承台施工的关键技术。     

杭州湾跨海大桥海中区引桥上部结构方案构思与设计

通过设计、施工等多方面的比选,杭州湾跨海大桥海上引桥上部结构采用70 m跨径预应力混凝土连续箱梁,整孔预制架设施工方案。简要介绍海上引桥上部结构的设计构思和部分结构设计细节。     

海上承台混凝土套箱裂缝控制

通过优化海工耐久混凝土配合比,采取适当的工艺措施,有效地控制了承台混凝土套箱裂缝的产生与发展。     

跨海长桥风致行车安全研究

基于风作用下车辆模型行驶极限状态分析获得了相应的安全行驶临界风速,应用概率统计方法建立了桥位风速统计和极值风速概率分布模型,桥面风环境测速风洞试验给出了自然风与桥面行车风环境的关系,进而评估了自然风作用下车辆不同车速条件下的桥面行驶安全性。采用上述评估方法针对杭州湾跨海大桥的研究,表明了风障措施提高桥面行车安全的有效性。     

关于重交通的陡坡路段以及被矿山包围区沥青路面结构设计问题的思考

针对干线公路交通量大重载车辆多的陡坡路段以及被矿区包围的农村公路网路面早期出现推移和车辙的现象进行了原因分析,并从设计上如何因地置宜地考虑进行探讨和研究。     

Changes in size at maturity of European hake Atlantic populations in relation with stock structure and environmental regimes

European hake (Merluccius merluccius) female size at maturity is estimated on an annual basis for Bay of Biscay and Galician coast, which are parts of the distribution of the Northern and Southern stocks, respectively. Clear trends in this reproductive parameter are observed along the time series and the potential factors affecting these trends have been investigated. Total biomass, different indexes of SSB, age diversity index, fishing mortality at age, NAO winter index, upwelling index and temperature were included in multiple regressions models to assess the relative importance of each of them on shifts in size at maturity.Bay of Biscay and Galician coast hake have followed different evolution in patterns of changes in size at maturity. In Bay of Biscay, a steadily decline of 15 cm has been observed from 1987 to 2004, which is well predicted by fishing mortality and age diversity, but also the environment may have played an important role. However, on the Galician coast a drastic decline of 16 cm from 1980 to 1988 was followed by a rapid increase in size at maturity during the next 10 years to original values and a stable period in the last 6 years. Decreasing biomass may explain the decline in size at maturity in the first period. However, total biomass and spawning biomass declined even during the period when size at maturity increased, which is contrary to compensatory theory. Shifts in environmental regime, NAO and upwelling, may have contributed to a decelerated growth during this period that might explain the later maturation.