基于流固耦合作用的海底隧道初期支护安全影响因素分析

以青岛海底隧道试验段为工程背景,基于流固耦合理论对海底隧道初期支护安全性的影响因素进行分析,结论表明:(1)注浆加固显著改善了洞周土体强度和整体性,塑性区范围得到有效控制;(2)注浆加固优化了支护结构的受力,随着加固圈厚度的增加,洞周位移出现不同程度的衰减,加固圈厚度对减小水压的贡献依次为:拱顶拱腰拱脚仰拱;(3)随着加固圈渗透系数的增大,洞周水压力随之增大;(4)在流固耦合作用下,仰拱处的土压力远大于其他部位;(5)现行支护参数条件下,海底隧道初期支护结构满足安全性要求,现场实测与数值计算基本相符。     

蒙辽客运专线粉砂地基固结压缩特性的三轴试验研究

依托新建通辽至京沈高铁新民北站铁路路基工程,对细颗粒含量分别为10%、15%、30%和40%的中密状态粉砂开展一系列室内固结不排水三轴试验研究,通过试验研究不同细颗粒含量粉砂在不同围压条件下的应力-应变关系、孔隙水压力的涨消发展模型及初始剪切模量的发展规律,揭示细颗粒含量和围压对中密状态粉砂应力-应变关系、孔压演化特性及初始剪切模量的影响规律。结果表明:空间应力状态下的不同细颗粒含量中密粉砂的应力-应变关系曲线以硬化型为主,符合增长型双曲线模式,且随着围压的增加,应力-应变关系曲线呈现强硬化状态,随着细颗粒含量的增加,应力-应变关系曲线呈现弱硬化状态。孔隙水压力的变化表现为随剪切的发展先经过一段上升过程,达到峰值后又开始下降,且随着细颗粒含量的增加,围压的增大,孔压的峰值越高,孔压消散速度降低,剪切完成后的残余孔压越大。初始剪切模量与围压呈正相关,即随着围压的增大而增大。同时,运用ABAQUS有限元程序建立计算机模型模拟试验,进一步验证上述分析结果的真实性与可靠性。     

隧道工程监理工作重点

新奥法的主导思想，是把隧道的围岩和初期支护结构一起组成一个完整的受力体糸，承受压力。这种受力体系，主要是通过锚杆把坑道周围的岩体（简称围岩）拉住，与初期支护一起受力。根据新奥法的原理，浅谈我们在日常的监理检查工作中，应该抓住的几个要点。     

中山大桥钢管初始应力稳定计算分析

利用钢管砼的本构关系,分析钢管初始应力对钢管砼拱桥稳定承载力的影响程度.钢管初始应力的存在降低了钢管砼拱桥稳定承载能力,不同荷载加载方式,钢管初始应力对钢管砼拱桥的稳定承载力影响程度不同.这为今后深入研究大跨度钢管砼拱桥钢管初始应力问题提供了参考.     

中山大桥钢管初始应力稳定计算分析

利用钢管砼的本构关系,分析钢管初始应力对钢管砼拱桥稳定承载力的影响程度.钢管初始应力的存在降低了钢管砼拱桥稳定承载能力,不同荷载加载方式,钢管初始应力对钢管砼拱桥的稳定承载力影响程度不同.这为今后深入研究大跨度钢管砼拱桥钢管初始应力问题提供了参考.     

Influence of initial distortion of 3 mm thin superstructure decks on hull girder response for fatigue assessment

This paper investigates the influence of initial distortion of 3 mm thin superstructure decks on hull girder response and fatigue assessment. Part of the traditional superstructure of a prismatic passenger ship is replaced by thin decks with initial distortion amplitude of 0, 1 and 2 times the IACS limit value for thicker plates, i.e. 0, 6 and 12 mm. Both geometrically linear and nonlinear finite element (FE) analysis is used. For reference also traditional superstructure with 5 mm plate thickness is analyzed. Thin straight superstructure decks give 43% of weight reduction and carry approximately 30% less load than corresponding thick straight decks in traditional model. The load that is not carried by thin decks is divided between other traditional decks. The redistribution of forces also happens at the deck level between plates, stiffeners, girders and longitudinal bulkheads. The presence of initial distortion with the shape of one half wave between web frames and stiffeners causes an additional few percent-decrease in forces carried. The results and conclusions are similar for hogging and sagging loading conditions and differences between geometrically linear and nonlinear FE analysis are very small. This means time saving since the panel loading for fatigue assessment can be defined from geometrically linear hull girder response analysis without considering the initial distortions.     

Research on the dynamic buckling of a typical deck grillage structure subjected to in-plane impact Load

The dynamic buckling of the main deck grillage would result in the total collapse of the ship hull subjected to a far-filed underwater explosion. This dynamic buckling is mainly due to the dynamic moment of the ship hull when the ship hull experiences a sudden movement under impact load from the explosion. In order to investigate the ultimate strength of a typical deck grillage under quasi-static and dynamic in-plane compressive load, a structure model, in which the real constrained condition of the deck grillage was taken into consideration, was designed and manufactured. The quasi-static ultimate strength and damage mode of the deck grillage under in-plane compressive load was experimentally investigated. The Finite Element Method (FEM) was employed to predict the ultimate strength of the deck grillage subjected to quasi-static in-plane compressive load, and was validated by comparing the results from experimental tests and numerical simulations. In addition, the numerical simulations of dynamic buckling of the same model under in-plane impact load was performed, in which the influences of the load amplitude and the frequency of dynamic impact load, as well as the initial stress and deflection induced by wave load on the ultimate strength and failure mode were investigated. The results show that the dynamic buckling mode is quite different from the failure mode of the structure subjected to quasi-static in-plane compressive load. The displacements of deck edge in the vertical direction and the axial displacements are getting larger with the decrease of impact frequency. Besides, it is found that the dynamic buckling strength roughly linearly decreased with the increase of initial proportion of the static ultimate strength P₀. The conclusions drawn from the researches of this paper would help better designing of the ship structure under impact loads.     

塌方地铁车站的后续施工方案研究

暗挖地铁车站断面较大,通常埋深较浅,施工时常发生塌方事故,且塌方纵向影响长度多达数十米。为提高塌方后续施工的安全性,结合塌方事故实例,利用风险分析和有限元计算方法,并结合现场监控量测数据,研究塌方事故影响段后续施工问题。研究结果表明:在后续施工中采用双侧壁导坑法安全可靠,"变大跨为小跨"有效控制后续施工引起的变形;从施工工法、支护措施及施工工艺等多方面制定措施,改善岩体物理性能,提高支护体系和围岩承载能力,有效控制后续施工风险。     

波纹钢腹板剪切屈曲分析中初始缺陷的模拟和影响程度分析

通过非线性有限元方法分析波纹钢腹板剪切屈曲极限荷载和屈曲模态,采用一致缺陷模态法模拟波形尺寸缺陷,钢板厚度缺陷则通过钢板厚度分布函数对单元厚度的修正来引入。分析结果表明过大的波形尺寸缺陷会降低波纹钢腹板的剪切屈曲极限荷载,而波纹钢腹板对因钢板厚度缺陷而引起的过早屈曲要大大优于平钢腹板,微小的厚度缺陷对波纹钢腹板的剪切屈曲极限荷载影响很小。     

无缝线路稳定性分析有限元模型

利用有限元法建立包含钢轨、扣件、轨枕和道床阻力为一体的轨道框架模型。研究在温度力作用下无缝线路的臌曲失稳问题。推导相应的数值计算公式并编制了计算程序。轨道框架模型由4种单元组成：用考虑钢轨非线性变形的平面梁单元代表钢轨；无几何尺寸的两结点弹簧单元模拟钢轨扣件；弹性基础上的普通平面梁单元表示轨枕；弹簧单元模拟道床的横向、纵向阻力，并考虑了道床阻力的非线性特性。运用该模型，分析道床横向阻力、轨枕失效、曲线半径和线路初始弯曲对无缝线路稳定性的影响，得到不同工况下钢轨横向位移-温度曲线、钢轨内应力分布及钢轨和轨枕的横向变形分布曲线。