Scheduling of Intelligent and Autonomous Vehicles under pairing/unpairing collaboration strategy in container terminals

A new class of Intelligent and Autonomous Vehicles (IAVs) has been designed in the framework of Intelligent Transportation for Dynamic Environment (InTraDE) project funded by European Union. This type of vehicles is technologically superior to the existing Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs), in many respects. They offer more flexibility and intelligence in maneuvering within confined spaces where the logistic operations take place. This includes the ability of pairing/unpairing enabling a pair of 1-TEU (20-foot Equivalent Unit) IAVs dynamically to join, transport containers of any size between 1-TEU and 1-FFE (40-foot Equivalent) and disjoin again. Deploying IAVs helps port operators to remain efficient in coping with the ever increasing volume of container traffic at ports and eliminate the need for deploying more 40-ft transporters in the very confined area of ports. In order to accommodate this new feature of IAVs, we review and extend one of the existing mixed integer programming models of AGV scheduling in order to minimize the makespan of operations for transporting a set of containers of different sizes between quay cranes and yard cranes. In particular, we study the case of Dublin Ferryport Terminal. In order to deal with the complexity of the scheduling model, we develop a Lagrangian relaxation-based decomposition approach equipped with a variable fixing procedure and a primal heuristics to obtain high-quality solution of instances of the problem.     

荧光磁粉探伤自动检测及图像处理系统研究

荧光磁粉检测中操作人员的安全保护、检测效率、检测结果的保存、复验等一直以来都是磁粉检测的技术瓶颈。研究一种自动磁粉探伤图像采集处理系统，能够对缺陷图像进行采集、预处理和缺陷标注，利用该系统可以有效减轻工人的劳动强度，提高检测结果的可靠性，保证缺陷记录和处理的可追溯性。     

Use of a probabilistic particle tracking model to simulate the Prestige oil spill

A probabilistic particle tracking model is used to simulate the oil dispersion after the Prestige wreckage. This oil spill constitutes a suitable benchmark to analyze the capabilities of a probabilistic model, since the time elapsed from wreckage to oil landing (12 days) is much longer than the reliability time associated with forecast winds, usually on the order of 3–4 days. The particle model can be run in two different modes: real time mode (when existing reliable wind fields for the event under scope) and in probabilistic mode (in absence of reliable wind fields but with historical fields corresponding to a similar period). The validity of the particle model is first evaluated in a hindcast way, running the Prestige case with the wind fields corresponding to the period November 19 to November 30, 2002, which were not available at the moment of the wreckage. Calculations show the accuracy of the model to provide the right impact point and timing. The probabilistic model is then used to simulate the same event by means of historical data. The region where the oil landed is shown to be the area with the highest probability to be impacted.     

光滑质点流体动力学(SPH)及其算法特性

基于Lagrange观点的无网格方法计算是建立在一群可移动的自适应性的质点基础之上,对特大变形区域和自由表面的捕捉有着较高的精度.光滑质点流体动力学(SPH)是无网格方法的一种,本文阐述其理论基础和计算方法,主要包括:SPH的基本概念、核近似和粒子近似的基本原理,核函数的构造方法、SPH形式的流体运动方程、边界处理方法和数值算例等多方面内容.研究工作在了解SPH方法的理论特点和潜在优势的同时,也为相关问题的深入研究和改进奠定了理论和算法基础.     

高液限土在路堤填筑中的改良应用

综合处理应用高液限土进行公路建设,可以避免过大的增加工程造价及保证路基的强度和稳定性,结合广西等地区在这方面的实践情况,介绍了利用隔离排水、掺粗粒土、土石混填等方法综合改良高液限土进行路基填筑的经验,分析探讨其可行性,为今后相似情况下的设计或施工提供一定的借鉴。     

Improvement of the second order approximation of the smoothed particle hydrodynamics

The smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH), as a fully Lagrangian particle method, has been successfully applied to astrophysical problems and extended to elastic dynamics and computational fluid dynamics.High order derivatives have to be approximated when elastic dynamics problems are modeled. However, the approximation errors in SPH could lead to computational failure in the case that the order of derivative is high.A novel method was proposed in order to improve the accuracy of SPH method, which shows the relationship between the selected functions and their SPH approximations. The entire involved system was represented by a finite number of particles that carry individual mass and occupy individual space, and the integral interpolation was approximated by a summation interpolation. In addition, error comparison was made between SPH method with and without the present improvement.     

航班延误恢复调度的混合粒子群算法

为了优化航班延误恢复调度,考虑了航班延误的经济效益、社会影响和经济损失构成,定义了航线影响因子,构建了一种新的航班延误恢复调度模型,将局部搜索方法引入到粒子群算法中,提出了求解航班延误恢复调度问题的混合粒子群算法。计算结果表明:与先来先服务调度方法相比,混合粒子群算法可以减少航班延误损失4.2%,与基本粒子群算法和进化策略算法相比,混合粒子群算法平均可减少航班延误损失2.0%,随着航班延误恢复规模的增大,算法优势会更明显。     

最小二乘支持向量机-粒子群算法在地下厂房围岩参数反分析中的应用

为准确确定地下厂房围岩的弹性模量、泊松比、黏聚力、内摩擦角、侧压力系数等参数,以正交设计、最小二乘支持向量机和粒子群算法等现代数学方法为基本手段,建立基于位移增量的围岩参数反分析方法。以CCS水电站大型地下厂房为研究背景,通过工程地质条件研究选取8#机组剖面作为分析对象,采用二维弹塑性有限元方法建立地质结构分析模型。以地下厂房洞室群分层开挖多点位移计实测位移增量为依据,对CCS水电站地下厂房区域围岩力学特性及地应力场特征进行反分析。研究结果表明： 主厂房第Ⅵ层与第Ⅰ层开挖和主变室第4层与第1层开挖所产生的位移增量计算值与多点位移计实测值吻合较好,最大相对误差小于10%,说明采用最小二乘支持向量机和粒子群算法相结合的反分析方法在工程上是可行的,且效果较为显著。     

基于重要性重采样粒子滤波器的机动目标跟踪方法

采用重要性重采样技术改进了标准粒子滤波算法,通过设定有效采样尺度来减少权值较小的粒子数目,在一定程度上克服了退化现象。仿真结果表明,采用PF跟踪机动目标,其跟踪精度要高于IMM,说明PF具有较强的处理非线性系统的能力;对标准PF采用重要性重采样策略后,PF的跟踪精度和平稳性都得到了进一步改善。     

Using a random displacement model to simulate turbulent particle motion in a baroclinic frontal zone: A new implementation scheme and model performance tests

Numerical artifacts can limit accurate simulation of turbulent particle motion when Lagrangian particle-tracking models are implemented in hydrodynamic models with stratified conditions like fronts. Yet, modeling of individual particle motion in frontal regions is critical for understanding sediment dynamics as well as the transport and retention of planktonic organisms. The objective of this research was to develop a numerical technique to accurately simulate turbulent particle motions in a particle-tracking model embedded within a hydrodynamic model of a frontal zone. A new interpolation scheme, the ‘water column profile’ scheme, was developed and used to implement a random displacement model for turbulent particle motions. A new interpolation scheme was necessary because linear interpolation schemes caused artificial aggregation of particles where abrupt changes in vertical diffusivity occurred. The new ‘water column profile’ scheme was used to fit a continuous function (a tension spline) to a smoothed profile of vertical diffusivities at the x–y particle location. The new implementation scheme was checked for artifacts and compared with a standard random walk model using (1) Well Mixed Condition tests, and (2) dye-release experiments. The Well Mixed Condition tests confirmed that the use of the ‘water column profile’ interpolation scheme for implementing the random displacement model significantly reduced numerical artifacts. In dye-release experiments, high concentrations of Eulerian tracer and Lagrangian particles were released at the same location up-estuary of the salt front and tracked for 4 days. After small differences in initial dispersal rates, tracer and particle distributions remained highly correlated (r = 0.84 to 0.99) when a random displacement model was implemented in the particle-tracking model. In contrast, correlation coefficients were substantially lower (r = 0.07 to 0.58) when a random walk model was implemented. In general, model performance tests indicated that the ‘water column interpolation’ scheme was an effective technique for implementing a random displacement model within a hydrodynamic model, and both could be used to accurately simulate diffusion in a highly baroclinic frontal region. The new implementation scheme has the potential to be a useful tool for investigating the influence of hydrodynamic variability on the transport of sediment particles and planktonic organisms in frontal zones.