造船技术水平评价研究

为使我国船舶工业持续稳定地发展,对我国造船技术在国际上所处的地位有一个比较客观的,定性与定量相结合的评价,编制了造船技术水平评价体系及其数据处理软件,并通过专家咨询调查,得到了我国８家船厂的评价数据。     

汽车轨迹测量的速度积分方法及其实施技术

汽车质心的运动轨迹作为最直观的试验结果对汽车操纵稳定性、制动性等运动性能的研究和设计,特别是对于驾驶员-汽车闭环系统运动性能的分析和评价十分重要。研究了速度积分法求解汽车质心运动轨迹的原理和试验技术,并利用某轿车的场地试验进行了试验验证。这一方法具有可靠、快速、操作简便和适用面广等优点。     

温度变化对工件加工与测量精度的影响

分析了温度变化对工件，特别是铝质工件的加工与测量精度的影响，提出了控制工件测量误差的措施，其中包括合理的确定调整温度，灵活的掌握测量方法，注意通过间隙的影响，选择合适的加工与测量温度。     

实验室内车辆油耗测量影响因素研究

文中详细研究了实验室内车辆排放／油耗测量中道路负荷设定、当量惯量和冷却风机的选择及试验循环等关键因素对样车油耗的影响，并试验研究了碳平衡法与油耗仪直接测量法的相关性，提出结论和建议。     

接触网张力补偿滑轮组传动效率测量研究

针对测量接触网张力补偿滑轮组传动效率时出现的问题进行分析,认为测量时滑轮传动效率、补偿滑轮组及测量系统的重力对测量结果影响很大,甚至会大于滑轮组摩擦力的影响。结合试验测量数据,提出对张力补偿滑轮组传动效率测量数据分析的新方法。     

Creating models of road sections and their use in driving dynamics simulations

The paper describes a system for measuring road section parameters in a way that the results can be used in driving dynamics simulations. The system consists of sensorics and a data acquisition subsystem supported by software for generating 3D road section geometrical models. These models are then used as driving surfaces in dynamics simulation packages to investigate and analyse different aspects of road design and its role in traffic accident analysis, reconstruction and prevention. The paper presents examples of measurements, road section modelling and simulation results, obtained by means of different software simulation tools. It discusses possibilities of further development and improvement of the system.     

Analysis of fuel consumption and pollutant emissions of regulated and alternative driving cycles based on real-world measurements

Discrepancies between real-world use of vehicles and certification cycles are a known issue. This paper presents an analysis of vehicle fuel consumption and pollutant emissions of the European certification cycle (NEDC) and the proposed worldwide harmonized light vehicles test procedure (WLTP) Class 3 cycle using data collected on-road. Sixteen light duty vehicles equipped with different propulsion technologies (spark-ignition engine, compression-ignition engine, parallel hybrid and full hybrid) were monitored using a portable emission measurement system under real-world driving conditions. The on-road data obtained, combined with the Vehicle Specific Power (VSP) methodology, was used to recreate the dynamic conditions of the NEDC and WLTP Class 3 cycle. Individual vehicle certification values of fuel consumption, CO₂, HC and NO_x emissions were compared with test cycle estimates based on road measurements. The fuel consumption calculated from on-road data is, on average, 23.9% and 16.3% higher than certification values for the recreated NEDC and WLTP Class 3 cycle, respectively. Estimated HC emissions are lower in gasoline and hybrid vehicles than certification values. Diesel vehicles present higher estimated NO_x emissions compared to current certification values (322% and 326% higher for NO_x and 244% and 247% higher for HC + NO_x for NEDC and WLTP Class 3 cycle, respectively).     

Dilated-polyhedron-based DEM analysis of the ice resistance on ship hulls in escort operations in level ice

The ice resistance on ships in escort operations in level ice are investigated using the discrete element method (DEM). A dilated polyhedron—generated by the Minkowski sum of a sphere and a polyhedron—is employed in the DEM; this dilated polyhedron-based DEM (DPDEM) is adopted to simulate the ship–ice interaction, wherein the contact force and bond-failure criterion are considered for the collision and fracture of sea ice, respectively. A three-point bending test was simulated with DPDEM, and a field test was conducted in the Bohai Sea to validate the DEM results. Further, a parametric analysis of flexural strength was conducted to identify the parameters involved in the bond-failure criterion. The ice resistance on icebreakers and cargo ships in level ice are simulated using DPDEM. The simulated ice resistances are compared with the Lindqvist and Riska formulas and the model test, which proves the validity of the DEM simulation. The interaction between ships and level ice is simulated parametrically to investigate the ice resistance on cargo ships with and without the icebreaker escort. Influencing factors such as ship speed, ice thickness, and ship breadth were examined to investigate the ice resistance on the escorted cargo ship. Analysis and change rules of the ice resistance on cargos affected by those factors were given.     

马岭河特大桥8#主墩测量控制方法

马岭河特大桥是一座双塔双索面预应力混凝土斜拉桥，如何控制其主墩的施工精度以及精确定位斜拉索索导管是该桥施工的重点和难点。文章分析了该桥8#主墩的施工难点，提出了针对性的测量控制方法，并总结出能确保施工精度和有效缩短测量时间的相关经验。     

浅谈普通公路重点工程计量管理

论述了工程计量在普通公路重点工程管理中的重要性及计量的前提准备及依据,并对计量工作管理及计量方法作了介绍。