撰写航海科技论文的基本要求

作者系人民交通出版社原社长，根据长期从事编辑工作的实践，并参照一些有关规定，对科技论文的撰写文体、论文格式等基本要求进行探讨，以供航海界广大科技人员及院校师生参考。     

舰船新材料的发展

现代科学技术的发展使舰船材料的面貌产生深刻的变化，本文从船体系统，动力系统，电子系统，武备系统的角度分析了国外舰船新材料的研究与应用发展趋势，并对我国舰船新材料的发展提出意见和建议。     

我院大学生科技创新活动的现状、存在的问题及对策研究

在分析当前我院大学生科技创新活动基本现状的基础上,本文指出了我院大学生科技创新活动中存在的的主要问题,并提出了开展大学生科技创新活动必须加强的对策,以利于我院大学生科技创新活动的开展,进一步加强我院大学生科技创新能力和创新精神的培养。     

港口依靠科技进步发展的回顾与展望

以科学发展观为指导,依靠科技进步,开发新技术,引进新成果,拓展新思路,创立新理论是我国港口得以和谐均衡、持续快速发展的根本原因,以及未来的港口建设的经验借鉴。     

作业成本法在远洋集装箱运输企业的应用探讨

论文根据作业成本法的特点,对其在远洋集装箱运输企业应用的适用性作出探讨,并列出了远洋集装箱运输企业作业成本的计算过程。     

盲孔法测量921A钢焊接残余应力的应变释放系数研究

根据盲孔法测量残余应力的基本原理和孔边塑性变形修正方法，分别对盲孔法测量921A钢焊接残余应力时的应变释放系数A、B进行实验标定，通过试验得出了921A钢盲孔孔边塑性变形对测量精度的影响和盲孔法测量921A钢焊接残余应力的塑性修正公式；并对实验标定应变释放系数与通孔应变释放系数理论解进行比较，表明试验结果与通孔应变释放系数理论值有较好的一致性，测量结果经塑性修正，最大误差减小到2．5％以下，试验结果可以直接在盲孔法测量921A钢焊接残余应力工程实际中应用。     

关于施工机械的科学化、经济化管理模式

通过对国内机械化施工的现状分析从而提出一套科学化、经济化管理模式。     

Multivariate assimilation in MERCATOR project: New statistical parameters from forecast error estimation

The new operational prototype of Mercator (french Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment contribution) is composed of a North Atlantic primitive equation ocean model OPA (Ocean Parallel Algorithm between 20°S and 70°N, [Madec, G., P. Delecluse, M. Imbard and C. Lévy (1998). OPA8.1 ocean general circulation model reference manuel. Notes du pôle de modélisation IPSL. n°11: 91p]) and of a multivariate and multidata assimilation scheme [De Mey, P. and M. Benkiran (2002). “A multivariate reduced-order optimal interpolation method and its application in Mediterranean basin-scale circulation.” Ocean Forecasting : Conceptual basis and application, Pinardi, N., Springer Verlag.] This system has already given some significant improvements from previous Mercator configurations (M. Benkiran, personal communication). However some biases on ocean state still remain in the tropics where the reduced-order optimal interpolation scheme is suspected to be ill-parameted in the model forecast error. Indeed the guess error covariance matrix is decomposed into an error variance value and a spatio-temporal correlation function which are assumed to have some “good” properties (spatial homogeneity of the correlation function, constant ratio between signal and error variance). This study shows how we can use ensemble methods to validate these assumptions. We can see that the correlation function can reach negative values locally, mostly in regions of high variability contradictory with the homogeneous hypothesis. The reduced space used in the operational configuration is based on the signal seasonal Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOFs). An empirical relationship between signal and error variance has been set and the correlation function is the same on every dimension of the reduced space. By projection of the estimated guess error variance onto the reduced space, we find a repartition of this quantity quite different to what was set in the system. The error statistics is found to be inhomogeneous compared to hypothesis made in the assimilation scheme. These two new parameters tested separately in the assimilation scheme gives significant improvements of the forecast and analysis results. This is particularly obvious in the tropics. But relationship between signal and error statistics (as assumed in the optimal interpolation) is found to be complex.     

Glacial–interglacial changes in the accumulation rates of major biogenic components in Southern Indian Ocean sediments

In this study we compare major biogenic components (opal-A, carbonate, and organic carbon) and authigenic uranium accumulation rates from the southeastern Indian Ocean for both Holocene and glacial periods. Integrated accumulation rates across the whole Indian sector of the Southern Ocean indicate that the burial of organic carbon which is held approximately constant, contrasts with lower biogenic silica and carbonate burial rates during glacial intervals. In addition, higher glacial accumulation rates of authigenic uranium are found in the sediments of the Polar Front Zone (PFZ) and the Sub-Antarctic zone (SAZ) than anywhere in the modern Southern Ocean. This suggests more reducing conditions in the PFZ and SAZ during the last glacial maximum. The simplest explanation of a northward shift of the PFZ cannot explain such changes. Glacial sediment burial changes result probably from deep water decrease in oxygen levels and increase in CO₂ due to combination of two processes: (1) hydrologic changes and (2) continuous organic carbon export fluxes to the seafloor. Such shifts in chemical conditions could have enhanced the dissolution of carbonates and better preserved the organic carbon in sediments, leading in significant changes of biogenic silica/C_org and CaCO₃/C_org flux ratios.