An inverse finite element method for the analysis of VIV data

This paper presents an algorithm for the frequency domain solution of dynamic linear “inverse” problems, that is for the processing of measurement data (strain, acceleration etc.) acquired on a mechanical structure, in order to estimate the loads acting on the structure and its corresponding response. The problem is formulated as a constrained (force equilibrium) optimization (small deviations from measurements, small loads) problem, which is transformed into an unconstrained problem, then into differential equations. The algorithm is applied to the estimation of hydrodynamic forces induced by the shedding of vortices from an offshore oil riser.     

The suitability of hedonic models for cost-benefit analysis: Evidence from commuting flows

We compare two estimates of benefits arising from the construction of new bridges in south-west Norway. One estimate comes from a hedonic property value model. Rather than follow an approach which is strictly theoretically correct, we adopt Rosen’s simple first-stage approach. To investigate and validate whether this simplified approach gives a reasonable estimate, we compare it to an estimate derived from a travel demand model. We find that a variant of an ex post hedonic house price model gives very similar estimates to the estimates from the travel demand model. This supports a hypothesis that the simplistic hedonic approach is reasonable.     

Time taken for residents to adopt a new public transport service: examining heterogeneity through duration modelling

When a new public transport service is introduced it would be valuable for public authorities, financing organisations and transport operators to know how long it will take for people to start to use the service and what factors influence this. This paper presents results from research analysing the time taken for residents living close to a new guided bus service to start to use (or adopt) the service. Data was obtained from a sample of residents on whether they used the new service and the number of weeks after the service was introduced before they first used it. Duration modelling has been used to analyse how the likelihood of starting to use the new service changes over time (after the introduction of the service) and to examine what factors influence this. It is found that residents who have not used the new service are increasingly unlikely to use it as time passes. Those residents gaining greater accessibility benefits from the new service are found to be quicker to use the service, although the size of this effect is modest compared to that of other between-resident differences. Allowance for the possibility that there existed a proportion of the sample that would never use the new service was tested using a split population model (SPD) model. The SPD model indicates that 36% of residents will never use the new service and is informative in differentiating factors that influence whether Route 20 is used and when it is used.

阳极氧化染色技术在摩托车铝轮上的应用

随着国际市场大力开拓,人们对色彩搭配有了更高的要求,高端的染色技术在摩托车铝轮上的应用成为当前市场的迫切需要。铝阳极氧化的原理实质上就是水电解的原理。通过阳极氧化染色技术,可以提高摩轮产品的表面性能,改进涂装工艺性,该技术可广泛应用于各种材料的车轮涂装和生产领域。     

机车柴油机喷油泵凸轮接触应力分析

针对机车柴油机喷油泵凸轮表面常出现点蚀、麻点、剥落等损伤问题,开展喷油泵凸轮轮廓升程段的接触应力研究,分析导致喷油泵凸轮表面失效的原因。以16V240ZJB型柴油机为例,通过对油泵凸轮轮廓曲线进行几何分析,导出凸轮升程段的运动方程。采用弹性力学中的赫兹理论,建立油泵凸轮接触应力的计算式,并通过计算机编程,从理论上计算和分析喷油泵凸轮表面的接触应力。理论计算结果表明:喷油泵凸轮的接触应力虽高达1 421.655 MPa,但并未超过许用应力值。因此建议从材料加工工艺方面查找原因,提高凸轮表面加工质量,并采用复合强化工艺,进一步加大喷油泵凸轮表面的强度。     

铁路罐车容积测量不确定度的评定

根据国家计量技术规范“JJF1059—1999测量不确定度评定与表示”,针对铁路罐车容积测量不确定度进行研究,分别建立罐内测量法数学模型和罐外测量法数学模型。通过分析计算和评定,得出当包含因子取2时,采用罐内测量法和罐外测量法检定的铁路罐车容积扩展不确定度分别为2.6×10-3和2.9×10-3,符合“JJG140—1998铁路罐车容积”中当包含因子取2时“铁路罐车容积扩展不确定度小于4×10-3”的要求,表明我国铁路罐车容积的检定采用罐内测量法、罐外测量法是可行的。提出开展容量比较法、注水称重法的研究和研发铁路罐车容积自动测量装置,以完善铁路罐车容积的量传体系,与国际接轨,提高铁路罐车容积的计量准确性。     

侧摩阻力对桩稳定性的影响

以m法为基础,用梁函数逼近桩变形曲线,用文献中方法较为精确地分析了不计和计桩侧摩阻力桩的计算长度。土的抗力增加,桩的刚度减小,桩失稳半波数增加,一般n<10。桩侧摩阻力,特别是负摩阻力对桩的稳定有实质性的影响。     

虚拟层合板壳单元法在结合梁桥力学分析的应用

研究目的:钢一混结合梁是城市轻轨、客运专线等铁路建设中桥梁结构型式的发展方向之一。经典的有限元分析方法模型处理烦琐、单元剖分数量多,计算费时、结构的分析效率较低,并且不易准确模拟结构的实际受力特性,有必要寻找更为简便有效的结构分析方法。研究结果:多种方法的结果对比及分析表明了虚拟层合单元法的有效性、准确性及良好的适用性,为钢一混结合梁的力学分析提供了一种可靠有效的方法。     

Adapting interactive stated response techniques to a self-completion survey

We report here on how we adapted Interactive Stated Response Methods to use in a self-completion survey of 454 California households to measure the market for electric vehicles in California. Electric vehicles are a novel product and have many features unfamiliar to consumers, in particular their home recharging capability and limited range. Reflexive techniques were designed to draw households into a deeper exploration of the lifestyle implications of electric vehicles than can be done in more typical self-completion surveys, and to stimulate key decision processes previously observed in detailed gaming interviews with 51 households. Reflexive self-completion techniques provide a middle course between typical large sample quantitative surveys and small sample, detailed gaming interviews. One of the benefits of the more intensive techniques was that participants reported finding the surveys interesting and return rates were high for a self-completion approach – over sixty percent. We review previous transportation and sociological methods which inspired our design, describe the design goals and features of our research, and summarize research results pertinent to testing the validity of our approach.     

自平衡试桩法应用研究

结合西安市劳动立交桥工程,对其中3根钻孔灌注桩的承载力进行了测试,对自平衡法桩身受力变形特征和极限承载力差异进行了对比分析,提出确定荷载箱平衡位置的合理方法,得到了一些有意义的结论,以期对今后施工现场的试桩技术有所帮助。