The effectiveness of a European speed limit versus an international bunker-levy to reduce CO2 emissions from container shipping

In the fight to reduce CO₂ emissions from international shipping, a bunker-levy is currently under consideration at the International Maritime Organization (IMO). Faced with the inability of the IMO to reach an agreement in the short term, the European Commission is now contemplating a unilateral measure of a speed limit for all ships entering European Union (EU) ports. This paper argues that this measure is counterproductive for two reasons. Firstly, because it may ultimately generate more emissions and incur a cost per ton of CO₂ which is more than society is willing to pay. Secondly, because it is sub-optimal compared to results obtained if an international bunker-levy was to be implemented. These elements are illustrated using two direct transatlantic services operated in 2010.     

混合对转推进系统设计与实船应用研究

为全面深入了解混合对转推进系统实船安装对船舶性能影响,为数值仿真和性能预报提供实船参考数据,以集装箱运输船为应用对象,提出了一种把吊舱推进器集成在挂舵臂上的混合对转推进系统(CRP-POD),详细阐述了CRP-POD的系统构成、工作模式和电气控制系统实船设计方案。通过实船试验和运行数据分析,安装混合对转推进系统的船舶与同系列安装常规推进系统的船舶相比,特定航行工况下航速有2~3%的提升、回转能力有所降低、航向稳定性上优于常规船。     

Assessing the impact of reduced visibility on traffic crash risk using microscopic data and surrogate safety measures

Due to the difficulty of obtaining accurate real-time visibility and vehicle based traffic data at the same time, there are only few research studies that addressed the impact of reduced visibility on traffic crash risk. This research was conducted based on a new visibility detection system by mounting visibility sensor arrays combined with adaptive learning modules to provide more accurate visibility detections. The vehicle-based detector, Wavetronix SmartSensor HD, was installed at the same place to collect traffic data. Reduced visibility due to fog were selected and analyzed by comparing them with clear cases to identify the differences based on several surrogate measures of safety under different visibility classes. Moreover, vehicles were divided into different types and the vehicles in different lanes were compared in order to identify whether the impact of reduced visibility due to fog on traffic crash risk varies depending on vehicle types and lanes. Log-Inverse Gaussian regression modeling was then applied to explore the relationship between time to collision and visibility together with other traffic parameters. Based on the accurate visibility and traffic data collected by the new visibility and traffic detection system, it was concluded that reduced visibility would significantly increase the traffic crash risk especially rear-end crashes and the impact on crash risk was different for different vehicle types and for different lanes. The results would be helpful to understand the change in traffic crash risk and crash contributing factors under fog conditions. We suggest implementing the algorithms in real-time and augmenting it with ITS measures such as VSL and DMS to reduce crash risk.     

8mm驼峰测速雷达改进及试验

介绍了毫米波驼峰测速雷达存在的问题和改进的方法.分析了降雨对毫米波雷达的干扰机制,采用圆极化波抑制干扰的原理和试验结果.     

反位法处理提速道岔控制电路故障

在理解提速道岔五线制控制电路原理,掌握继电器动作逻辑的基础上,总结出适用于电动机控制电路的反位法,故障处理时能够按照流程化的处理方式,缩小故障范围,快速、准确查找出故障点。     

京沪高速铁路废弃泥浆处理现场试验

结合京沪高速铁路工程现场实际情况,提出了在泥浆池中进行混凝沉淀固液分离＋排出上清液＋回填的废弃泥浆现场处理工艺流程;利用研制的废弃泥浆处理装置在京沪高速工程现场进行了试验,表明在泥浆池中处理废弃泥浆的技术路线是可行的,研制开发的废弃泥浆处理装置满足设计要求,可用来处理废弃泥浆。     

金山铁路既有线提速路基动力响应分析

基于无限元人工边界和基床—路堤—场地子结构系统,建立上海金山铁路既有线有限元模型,根据实测路基响应特征构造基床顶面动荷载,模拟列车以现行速度通过路基产生的动荷载,分析列车在现行速度43km· h-1和目标速度160 km· h-1范围内变化时,普通路基在动荷载作用下的动力响应规律.研究发现:如果既有线路基床不改造,列车速度从43km· h-1提高至160km· h-1时,基床顶面动应力峰值将增大17％左右;路基面动应力沿基面以下深度方向呈指数形态衰减;与现行速度条件下基床顶面以下6.2m的影响深度相比,提速后影响深度增加了1.2m.     

既有线速度台阶升级为目标距离模式的安全策略

基于北京地铁13号线ATP系统由速度台阶模式升级为目标距离模式的设计开发和工程化应用,介绍了设计开发过程中所考虑的安全策略。     

新建北京至霸州铁路速度目标值分析

结合线路的路网功能定位,从时间目标值需求、工程技术、工程投资等方面综合比选确定京霸铁路的速度目标值,以期为在上述因素方面与该线具有类似特点的城际铁路的速度目标值选择提供一定的参考。研究结论:(1)根据本线的路网功能定位、时间目标值的要求,并结合客运网各线建设标准,京霸铁路北京至北京新机场段速度目标值宜为200~350 km/h之间,北京新机场至霸州段速度目标值宜为250~350 km/h之间;(2)通过技术经济比较,京霸铁路北京至北京新机场段新建线暂推荐250 km/h速度目标值方案;北京新机场至霸州段推荐350 km/h速度目标值方案。     

CTCS-2级列控系统连续信息量与适应速度研究

通过对CTCS-2级列控系统连续信息量需求的分析和计算,提出了CTCS-2级列控系统的适应速度建议。