轴心受压钢构件板件宽厚比限值的分析

随着单层钢结构厂房在铁路生产房屋中的广泛应用,多数钢结构厂房柱应力水平低的现象越来越突出,造成单层钢结构厂房结构设计的经济性较差。其原因是现行《钢结构设计规范》(GB50017—2005)中受压钢构件板件的宽厚比限值与其应力水平无关,按此设计的厂房柱截面多偏大而过于保守。对轴心受压钢构件板件宽厚比限值的推导过程加以重新审视,引入应力相关折减系数,按照修正的等稳定性原则,统一分析轴心受压构件的板件宽厚比限值,并通过数据拟合,提出更加合理实用的限值公式。新的限值公式与板件的应力水平相关,与理论计算结果吻合较好。     

九曲河大桥加固工程施工监控技术研究

桥梁施工监控在桥梁建设及加固改造工程中是必不可少的一部分,监控可以对桥梁线形及内力、挠度情况进行实时反馈,严格把关,保证与设计一致。文章以九曲河大桥加固工程为背景,结合加固改造设计方案,从线形控制、变形监测与应力监测等方面阐述了施工监控技术及效果。     

Exact and simplified estimations for elastic buckling pressures of structural pipe-in-pipe cross sections under external hydrostatic pressure

Structural pipe-in-pipe cross sections have significant potential for application in offshore oil and gas production systems because they combine thermal insulation performance with structural strength and self weight in an integrated way. Such cross sections comprise inner and outer thin-walled pipes with the annulus between them fully filled by a selectable filler material to impart an appropriate combination of properties. Structural pipe-in-pipe cross sections can exhibit several different collapse mechanisms, and the basis of the preferential occurrence of one over the others is of interest. This article presents an exact analysis for predicting the elastic buckling behaviours of a structural pipe-in-pipe cross section when subjected to external hydrostatic pressure. Simplified approximations are also investigated for elastic buckling pressure and mode when the outer pipe and its contact with the filler material is considered as a pipe on an elastic foundation. Results are presented to show the variation of elastic buckling pressure with the relative elastic modulus of the filler and pipe materials, the filler thickness, and the thicknesses of the inner and outer pipes. Case studies based on realistic application scenarios are used to show that the simplified approximations are sufficiently accurate for practical structural design purposes.     

机车柴油机喷油泵凸轮接触应力分析

针对机车柴油机喷油泵凸轮表面常出现点蚀、麻点、剥落等损伤问题,开展喷油泵凸轮轮廓升程段的接触应力研究,分析导致喷油泵凸轮表面失效的原因。以16V240ZJB型柴油机为例,通过对油泵凸轮轮廓曲线进行几何分析,导出凸轮升程段的运动方程。采用弹性力学中的赫兹理论,建立油泵凸轮接触应力的计算式,并通过计算机编程,从理论上计算和分析喷油泵凸轮表面的接触应力。理论计算结果表明:喷油泵凸轮的接触应力虽高达1 421.655 MPa,但并未超过许用应力值。因此建议从材料加工工艺方面查找原因,提高凸轮表面加工质量,并采用复合强化工艺,进一步加大喷油泵凸轮表面的强度。     

Fatigue design for plug/ring type gas welded joints of sts301l including welding residual stresses

This paper presents a fatigue design method for plug and ring type gas welded joints, which incorporates welding residual stress effects. A non-linear finite element analysis (FEA) was first performed to simulate the gas welding process. The numerically predicted residual stresses of the gas welds were then compared to experimental results measured using a hole drilling method. In order to evaluate the fatigue strength of the plug and ring type gas welded joints, a stress amplitude (σ _a ) _R taling the welding residual stress of the gas weld into account was introduced and is based on a modified Goodman equation incorporating the effect of the residual stress. Using the stress amplitude (σ _a ) _R , the ΔP-N _f relations obtained from fatigue tests for plug and ring type gas welded joints having various dimensions and shapes were systematically rearranged into (σ _a ) _R -N _f relations. It was found that the proposed stress amplitude (σ _a ) _R could provide a systematic and reasonable fatigue design criterion for the plug and ring type gas welded joints.     

高烈度地震区公路隧道洞口段地震响应分析

根据隧道地震安全性评价报告和地勘资料,建立了三维数值计算模型并采用一致粘弹性人工边界模拟动力边界,对高烈度地震区公路隧道洞口段进行了瞬态动力计算。计算结果表明:在三向地震荷载激励下,洞口段衬砌的地震响应具有明显滞后性,衬砌以水平横向振动为主、轴向振动次之、竖向振动最弱;洞口段衬砌的拱腰部位将承受极大拉应力和剪应力,可设减震层吸收地震能量。通过对衬砌相对位移的分析得出,衬砌横向和轴向变形都很小,衬砌稳定性尚好。     

疏桩基础的加固机理与应用

文章结合沪宁高速公路软土地基处理实例,阐述了疏桩基础的加固机理及疏桩基础的应力分布特征,通过对疏桩基础的试验,及疏桩基础与普通CFG桩分析对比,表明使用疏桩基础技术比CFG桩技术具有更好的经济效益。     

青藏线波纹管涵洞现场试验及理论分析

以位于青藏线DK945 849,海拔高度在4 200 m以上的一座金属波纹管单孔试验涵洞(孔径1.5m)为背景,进行新型波纹管涵洞管壁应力的试验研究。施工过程中不同填土高度下,波纹管不同断面和部位应力的试验结果表明:各测点波峰、波谷的应力随着填土高度的增加迅速增大,波中点应力的变化不大;波纹管涵洞的控制截面是管顶和管底;最大应力出现在路肩下的截面,达170 MPa。该金属波纹管在施工过程中安全系数为1.68,在规范允许范围内。将实测土压力作用在裸管上,进行管壁应力理论分析和有限元计算,其结果略大于应力实测值,误差较小,且偏于安全。验证了实测管壁应力和土压力值的正确性,说明理论分析和有限元分析可用于波纹管涵洞的设计。     

锥-环-柱结合壳的应力和稳定性

本文用解析法计算了受中面均布法向载荷作用的锥-环-柱结合壳中的应力值，并根据Trefftz准则计算了其失稳临界压力。计算结果说明，在总体几何尺寸与壳厚相同的情况下，锥-环-柱结合壳与锥-柱结合亮相比，过渡区的局部应力值显著减小，失稳临界压力提高。     

Ductile crack initiation behavior in steels with compressive prestrain

It is well known that compressive prestrain reduces ductility in steels. On the other hand, it has also been found that high stress triaxiality reduces equivalent plastic strain at the onset of ductile fracture. In this research, plate specimens and notched bar specimens, which were prestrained in compression with bending, were used in reversed bending tests, and the effect of compressive prestrain on ductile crack initiation in steels was investigated. It was found that small ductile cracks occurred from the microscopic wrinkles which were formed on the concave surface with compressive prestrain. The critical relationship between stress triaxiality and equivalent plastic strain at ductile crack initiation was investigated by finite-element analysis. It was found that ductile crack initiation in steels with compressive prestrain can be estimated qualitatively by the relationship between stress triaxiality and equivalent plastic strain.