基于车激动力响应互相关指标的桥梁基础冲刷诊断方法

针对当前桥梁基础冲刷诊断和检测方法过程复杂、成本高且受环境影响大等问题，提出一种基于车激动力响应互相关指标的桥梁基础冲刷诊断方法。该方法通过桥墩和桥跨不同测点的纵向加速度响应自由衰减段信号的互相关分析，建立基础冲刷诊断指标体系，实现冲刷定位和均匀性诊断。首先，依据互相关函数幅值向量置信度判据指标进行基础冲刷初判；然后，通过响应互相关函数幅值向量因子变化率向量进行冲刷定位，再根据横桥向互相关函数幅值变化率向量诊断冲刷均匀性；并通过统计评估方法提高诊断精度；最后，结合1座连续梁桥算例进行多种冲刷工况的数值仿真分析，对所提方法的有效性和适用性进行验证。结果表明：该方法能够很好地实现基础冲刷的定位和均匀性诊断，指标具有较高敏感性；同时具有较好的抗噪性能，通过所提出诊断指标体系的综合使用可消除噪声对诊断结果的干扰。该方法具有诊断结果精度高、过程简便易行、无需进行复杂且误差较大的模态识别、允许试验测试参数和条件适量变化等优点，可嵌入常规桥梁荷载试验同步开展，具有很好的工程应用潜力和实用价值。     

船体与组合推进器水动力相互干扰特征的模型试验及推力减额特性的评估分析

以船体、导管和前置定子及转子组成的系统的推力减额特性为研究对象,基于因子分析理论,提出了该三因子系统的水动力相互干扰分析模型,导出了诸因子之间相互影响的求解公式,并采用分解试验方法实现了所有效应的准确测定.分析研究了系统推力减额的两种不同处理方式,建立了相应的评价指标体系.通过对两个特定方案的评估分析,推荐采用k2和t2作为系统推力减额性能优劣的综合评价指标,并建议采取以减小RrlH和RrlSD为主要方向的优化策略.     

Carbonate chemistry dynamics and carbon dioxide fluxes across the atmosphere–ice–water interfaces in the Arctic Ocean: Pacific sector of the Arctic

Climatic changes in the Northern Hemisphere have led to remarkable environmental changes in the Arctic Ocean, which is surrounded by permafrost. These changes include significant shrinking of sea-ice cover in summer, increased time between sea-ice break-up and freeze-up, and Arctic surface water freshening and warming associated with melting sea-ice, thawing permafrost, and increased runoff. These changes are commonly attributed to the greenhouse effect resulting from increased atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentration and other non-CO₂ radiatively active gases (methane, nitrous oxide). The greenhouse effect should be most pronounced in the Arctic where the largest air CO₂ concentrations and winter–summer variations in the world for a clean background environment were detected. However, the air–land–shelf interaction in the Arctic has a substantial impact on the composition of the overlying atmosphere; as the permafrost thaws, a significant amount of old terrestrial carbon becomes available for biogeochemical cycling and oxidation to CO₂. The Arctic Ocean's role in determining regional CO₂ balance has been ignored, because of its small size (only  4% of the world ocean area) and because its continuous sea-ice cover is considered to impede gaseous exchange with the atmosphere so efficiently that no global climate models include CO₂ exchange over sea-ice. In this paper we show that: (1) the Arctic shelf seas (the Laptev and East-Siberian seas) may become a strong source of atmospheric CO₂ because of oxidation of bio-available eroded terrestrial carbon and river transport; (2) the Chukchi Sea shelf exhibits the strong uptake of atmospheric CO₂; (3) the sea-ice melt ponds and open brine channels form an important spring/summer air CO₂ sink that also must be included in any Arctic regional CO₂ budget. Both the direction and amount of CO₂ transfer between air and sea during open water season may be different from transfer during freezing and thawing, or during winter when CO₂ accumulates beneath Arctic sea-ice; (4) direct measurements beneath the sea ice gave two initial results. First, a drastic pCO₂ decrease from 410 μatm to 288 μatm, which was recorded in February–March beneath the fast ice near Barrow using the SAMI-CO₂ sensor, may reflect increased photosynthetic activity beneath sea-ice just after polar sunrise. Second, new measurements made in summer 2005 beneath the sea ice in the Central Basin show relatively high values of pCO₂ ranging between 425 μatm and 475 μatm, values, which are larger than the mean atmospheric value in the Arctic in summertime. The sources of those high values are supposed to be: high rates of bacterial respiration, import of the Upper Halocline Water (UHW) from the Chukchi Sea (CS) where values of pCO₂ range between 400 and 600 μatm, a contribution from the Lena river plume, or any combination of these sources.     

An efficient approach to the analysis of rail surface irregularities accounting for dynamic train–track interaction and inelastic deformations

A two-dimensional computational model for assessment of rolling contact fatigue induced by discrete rail surface irregularities, especially in the context of so-called squats, is presented. Dynamic excitation in a wide frequency range is considered in computationally efficient time-domain simulations of high-frequency dynamic vehicle–track interaction accounting for transient non-Hertzian wheel–rail contact. Results from dynamic simulations are mapped onto a finite element model to resolve the cyclic, elastoplastic stress response in the rail. Ratcheting under multiple wheel passages is quantified. In addition, low cycle fatigue impact is quantified using the Jiang–Sehitoglu fatigue parameter. The functionality of the model is demonstrated by numerical examples.     

Improvement of vehicle–turnout interaction by optimising the shape of crossing nose

Proper rail geometry in the crossing part is essential for reducing damage on the nose rail. To improve the dynamic behaviour of turnout crossings, a numerical optimisation approach to minimise rolling contact fatigue (RCF) damage and wear in the crossing panel by varying the nose rail shape is presented in the paper. The rail geometry is parameterised by defining several control cross-sections along the crossing. The dynamic vehicle–turnout interaction as a function of crossing geometry is analysed using the VI-Rail package. In formulation of the optimisation problem a combined weighted objective function is used consisting of the normal contact pressure and the energy dissipation along the crossing responsible for RCF and wear, respectively. The multi-objective optimisation problem is solved by adapting the multipoint approximation method and a number of compromised solutions have been found for various sets of weight coefficients. Dynamic behaviour of the crossing has been significantly improved after optimisations. Comparing with the reference design, the heights of the nose rail are notably increased in the beginning of the crossing; the nominal thicknesses of the nose rail are also changed. All the optimum designs work well under different track conditions.     

桩一土一桥梁结构地震台试验数据处理方法

地震模拟振动台试验测点多,加载工况多,采集到的数据量大,且受噪声等因素干扰,测试数据与真实信号间有一定的差别。只有将测试数据经过科学的处理、修正和分析,去伪存真,才能得出正确的试验结果和结论。简要介绍桩一土一桥梁结构相互作用地震模拟振动台试验项目的概况,详细论述该试验数据的处理思路与方法,为以后相关试验研究提供参考。     

温度及荷载频率对沥青-集料交互作用能力的影响

以参数B为表征沥青-集料交互作用能力的评价指标,利用动态剪切流变仪对2种沥青与4种集料在不同粉胶比条件下相互作用后的沥青胶浆进行了流变性能研究,分析了沥青-集料交互作用能力随温度及荷载频率的变化规律,确定了评价沥青-集料交互作用能力的外部条件。结果表明：随着温度的升高,沥青-集料交互作用能力的增大幅度呈现先小后大的特点;高温和低温下,加载频率对沥青-集料交互作用能力的影响恰好相反。     

复杂载荷作用下潜艇结构疲劳裂纹扩展预报方法

统一疲劳裂纹扩展模型是课题组在McEvily模型基础上提出来的,它将疲劳裂纹扩展的3个扩展区域统一起来,并能解释更多的疲劳试验现象.本文介绍了统一疲劳裂纹扩展模型的基本表达式.将此模型与焊缝焊趾表面裂纹应力强度因子的计算方法结合起来,探讨复杂载荷作用下潜艇结构疲劳裂纹扩展预报方法.将服从Weibull分布的随机载荷系列编排为升序、降序载荷谱及随机载荷谱,预报潜艇锥柱结合壳焊缝焊趾处表面裂纹在3种载荷谱下的疲劳裂纹扩展情况,并分析随机载荷谱下载荷次序效应及初始裂纹尺寸对疲劳裂纹扩展行为的影响.结果表明,载荷次序效应对潜艇结构疲劳寿命的影响很明显,且合理的确定初始裂纹尺寸对潜艇结构的疲劳寿命预报是非常重要的.     

二维矩形弹性液舱内液体晃荡数值模拟研究

阐述ADINA数学模型及相关数值方法,以二维矩形刚性液舱模型为例模拟液体晃荡,将所得的结果与解析解进行比较,验证该模型的有效性;通过数值模拟,研究二维矩形弹性液舱内的液体晃荡,分析不同刚度、不同频率对液体晃荡自由液面波高运动的影响。