深汕特别合作区望鹏大桥斜拉桥抗震性能分析

为研究大跨度斜拉桥抗震性能,以深汕特别合作区望鹏大桥工程为研究对象,采用反应谱法和非线性时程分析法,对双拱形桥塔钢-混组合梁大跨度斜拉桥在E1、E2地震作用下的地震反应进行对比分析。结果表明,两种分析方法得到的结果能够互相补充、印证,确保计算得到的结构内力和变形能够反映实际地震作用下的结构反应;望鹏大桥主桥抗震性能满足预期目标,设置阻尼器能有效改善大跨度斜拉桥的抗震性能。     

Required test durations for converged short-term wave and impact extreme value statistics — Part 1: Ferry dataset

For the design of maritime structures in waves, the extreme values of responses such as motions and wave impact loads are required. Waves and wave-induced responses are stochastic, so such responses should always be related to a probability. This information is not easy to obtain for strongly non-linear responses such as wave impact forces. Usually class rules or direct assessment via experiments or numerical simulations are applied to obtain extreme values for design. This brings up questions related to the convergence of extreme values: how long do we need to test in order to obtain converged statistics for the target duration? Or, vice versa: given testing data, what is the uncertainty of the associated statistics? Often the test or simulation duration is cut up in ‘seeds’ or ‘realisations’, with an exposure duration of one or three hours based on the typical duration of a steady environmental condition at sea, or the time that a ship sails a single course. The required number of seeds for converged results depends on the type of structure and response, the exposure duration, and the desired probability level. The present study provides guidelines for the convergence of most probable maximum (MPM) wave crest heights and MPM green water wave impact forces on a ferry. Long duration experiments were done to gain insight into the required number of seeds, and the effect of fitting. The present paper presents part 1 of this study; part 2 [1] presents similar results for wave-in-deck loads on a stationary deck box.     

Required test durations for converged short-term wave and impact extreme value statistics–Part 2: Deck box dataset

In the assessment of wave-in-deck loads for new and existing maritime structures typically model tests are carried out. To determine the most critical conditions and measure sufficient impact loads, a range of sea states and various seeds (realisations) for each sea state are tested. Based on these measurements, probability distributions can be derived and design loads determined. In air gap model testing usually only few, if any, impact loads occur per 3-hour seed. This can make it challenging to derive reliable probability distributions of the measured loads, especially when only a few seeds are generated. In addition wave impact forces, such as greenwater loading, slamming, or air gap impacts are typically strongly non-linear, resulting in a large variability of the measured loads. This results in the following questions: How many impacts are needed to derive a reliable distribution? How is the repeatability of individual events affecting the overall distribution? To answer these questions wave-in-deck model tests were carried out in 100 x 3-hour realisations of a 10,000 year North Sea sea state. The resulting probability distributions of the undisturbed wave measurements as well as the measured wave-in-deck loads are presented in this paper with focus on deriving the number of seeds and exposure durations required for a reliable estimate of design loads.The presented study is Part 2 of a combined study on guidance for the convergence and variability of wave crests and impact loading extreme values. The data set of Part 1 ([1]) is based on greenwater loads on a sailing ferry and the data set of Part 2 on wave-in-deck loads on a stationary deck box.     

Investigation on fatigue characteristics of transparent submersible manned cabin structure

Fatigue life prediction of transparent submersible manned cabin (TSMC) structure is investigated. Firstly, a simplified mechanical model of a cylindrical shell-hemispherical shell (CS-HS) structure is established, and the strength characteristic of the TSMC structure is gained, as well as deflections and displacements are obtained by solving the model with the non-moment theory and moment theory. Secondly, the load history of the TSMC structure is analyzed, and the load spectrum of this structure is got by analyzing and fitting the existing diving data. Finally, a method of nonlinear virtual interval division technique for the load spectrum is first presented. The predicted results have excellent agreement with the experimental data. The results show that the working depth of the large-deep deep manned cabins is within the range of 0 m–500 m, while the load history is composed of the submersible loading-uploading-unloading and payload-uplifting-unloading. In addition, the load spectrum shows that the number of dives is within the range from 299.7 m to 432.9 m. The proposed model can efficiently provide a guideline of the design and manufacturing of the transparent submersible manned cabin structure.     

Review of the uncertainties associated to hull girder hydroelastic response and wave load predictions

This paper reviews the importance of uncertainties in hull girder loads influenced by flexible fluid structure interactions. The focus is on developments in the field of hydroelastic modelling, simulation and model tests of practical relevance to the prediction hull girder wave load predictions and their validation. It is concluded that whereas hydroelastic methods for use in design development and assessment become increasingly useful, challenges in realizing and modelling uncertainties can be attributed to: (1) the limitations of numerical methods to suitably model nonlinearities; (2) the ambiguity of model tests; and (3) the systematic use of data emerging from computational, model- or full-scale methods. An approach is recommended to assess the uncertainty in the hydroelastic responses to wave loading and an example is provided to demonstrate the application of the procedure.     

高烈度地区连续刚构桥地震响应分析

为探究高烈度地区连续刚构桥地震响应规律,首先以贵州某高烈度地区大跨度连续刚构桥为研究背景,基于Midas Civil 2019建立三维空间有限元模型,并探究了该桥的结构自振特性;其次基于该桥场地条件,结合相关规范给出了目标反应谱和人工合成地震波;最后给出了反应谱和时程分析计算结果,并做了详细对比分析。研究表明:在保障强度和稳定性前提下,位于高烈度地区的大跨度连续刚构桥在纵向和横向上要有一定的约束释放,有助于结构变形吸收地震能量,进而减小地震破坏;反应谱计算工况下纵向位移和横向位移最大值分别为0.304 m和0.381 m,且与地震激励方向有关,竖向位移约为0.05 m,与地震激励方向关系不大;对比分析反应谱和时程分析计算结果可知,时程分析计算结果整体上要大于反应谱计算结果,符合相关规范要求。