The role of the contact geometry in wheel-rail impact due to wheel flats

A thorough investigation of wheel-rail impact due to wheel flats is presented, together with a quantitative characterization of the main mechanisms and parameters. A criterion for the speed with respect to contact loss between wheel and rail is derived. In the subcritical speed regime, the magnitude of the impact force is shown to be directly related to the geometry of the flat, whereas in the transcritical speed regime a fictitious or effective flat depth exists, which decreases with the second order of the speed. In this domain, the position of impact shifts towards the end of the flat with increasing speed. The impact force increases with the second order of the speed in the subcritical speed regime and approximately the first order of the speed in the transcritical speed regime. The magnitude of the impact force is inversely proportional to the minimum circumferential curvature of the wheel tread defect in the subcritical speed regime, and to the effective minimum curvature in the transcritical case. The variation with the flat depth is less; the impact varies with the square root of the flat depth. The presented theory is in accordance with measurements reported in the literature and explains characteristic features in them.     

A General Method for the Evaluation of Vehicle Manoeuvrability with Special Emphasis on Motorcycles

This paper presents a novel approach to the assessment of the manoeuvrability of vehicles which is not based on the simulation of open-loop manoeuvres, nor does it rely on the modelling of the driver as a control system. Instead, the essence of the method is the solution of a two-point optimal control boundary value problem, in which a vehicle, subject to physical constraints like tyre adherence and road borders, among others, is required to go between given initial and final positions as fast as possible. The control inputs - i.e., the driver's actions - that make the vehicle move between the two states in the most efficient way are found as a part of the solution procedure and represent the actions of a sort of ideal, perfect driver. The resulting motion is called the optimal manoeuvre and, besides being the most efficient way that the given vehicle has for travelling between the two points according to the chosen optimal criterion, may be taken as a reference for meaningful comparisons with other vehicles. The value of the penalty function, used to define the optimal condition occurring at the optimal manoeuvre, may be taken as a measure of manoeuvrability or handling. With this approach the manoeuvrability properties are established as intrinsic to the vehicle, being defined with respect to an ideal perfect driver. Some possible forms of the penalty function, which means slightly different concepts of manoeuvrability and handling, are discussed. In the end, the case of motorcycles and some examples of optimal manoeuvres are given.     

轮径差对车辆系统稳定性的影响

通过对有轮径差的转向架进行受力分析,理论推断出由于轮径差的存在而改变轮对的对中平衡位置,进而改变轮轨接触关系,影响车辆系统的稳定性。根据轮径差的大小将轮径差对车辆系统稳定性的影响划分为易稳定区、欠稳定区和亚稳定区。在易稳定区内,车辆系统的稳定性较高,而且不易发生轮对偏磨;在欠稳定区内,车辆系统的稳定性较差而且容易发生踏面偏磨;在亚稳定区内,虽然车辆系统的稳定性也比较高,但容易发生轮缘偏磨。运用数字仿真对理论推断进行验证,结果表明理论推断是正确的。为了提高车辆系统的稳定性和减轻车轮的磨耗,应尽量减小轮径差,使车辆经常运行于易稳定区。     

轮箍弛缓红外测温系统报警温度门限值的测定

主要研究红外测温系统报警门限值的测定，解释了机车轮箍弛缓的主要原因，描述了闸瓦制动时，机车轮对上的温度分布情况，通过实验选定轮箍中间点附近点（B点）为红外测温系统的温度监控点，通过实验结果系统设定了报警温度门限值为140℃。     

840D车轮辐板孔裂纹扩展速率的统计分析

通过对现场调查获得的3 974个840D车轮辐板孔裂纹数据进行分析,表明不同辐板孔裂纹长度下的裂纹形成时间可以用双参数威布尔分布来描述,形状参数可以取为常值;在辐板孔内侧裂纹长度小于和等于35 mm时,平均裂纹扩展速率与裂纹长度成正比。给出了840D车轮辐板孔平均裂纹扩展速率的计算公式。得出当裂纹长度为5,10,15,20,25 mm时,平均裂纹扩展速率分别为4.4,8.8,13.3,17.7,22.1 mm.年-1。     

武汉动车段轮辋轮辐探伤及镟轮工艺线新型设计研究

通过对国内动车段、所动车组轮辋轮辐探伤、车轮镟修两处分散作业工艺现状的研究分析,为满足动车组检修量增大的需求,首次提出动车组轮辋轮辐探伤、车轮镟修共线集中修工艺设计。研究成果在武汉动车段I类变更设计中首次实施,为全路动车段(所)检查库扩能改造提供了成功的设计案例。     

基于ANSYS workbench的车轮疲劳强度分析

车轮是汽车上的重要部件,它承受车身的重力、驱动力、制动力以及汽车转弯时的横向载荷,对汽车的行驶安全性、稳定性和平顺性都有着非常重要的影响。采用有限元分析的方法可以在新产品设计初期分析出车轮的强度和疲劳寿命,大大缩短设计周期。本文以14×5.5J车轮为研究对象,采用三维建模软件pro/E对车轮进行建模,利用有限元分析软件ANsYs worl出ench对车轮弯曲疲劳强度试验进行模拟,得到车轮强度和疲劳寿命的分析结果。     

Design method for steel deck plates under quasi-static patch loads with allowable plastic deformations

Plastic deformation of plates in steel deck structures under heavy vehicle or helicopter wheel loads is common in ships and offshore structures, and is therefore of significant interest to designers of ro-ro/cargo ships, helicopter-carrying ships and offshore platforms. To provide insight into the plastic deformation of plates, the nonlinear elasto-plastic response of stiffened steel plates loaded quasi-statically by a central rigid rectangular indenter is investigated both experimentally and numerically. The numerically-determined stiffened plate permanent deflections compare well with those obtained experimentally. The concept of applying the elasto-plastic method to the design of deck plates under wheel patch loads is introduced, and the design principle of wheel patch loaded plating is studied together with the design criteria. A simple design formula to determine plating thickness is proposed based on an acceptable level of permanent set. Ship-mounted helideck plating design cases are given to illustrate the elasto-plastic method, and comparisons are made between the thicknesses derived using the proposed design formula and those found from Lloyd's Register (LR), Bureau Veritas (BV) and DNV-GL rule requirements.     

动车组车轮多边形磨耗形成与发展过程仿真研究

针对动车组车轮多边形磨耗愈发严重的问题,基于车辆-轨道耦合动力学模型、轮轨接触模型、Archard磨耗模型和循环迭代模型,建立车轮多边形磨耗长期磨损迭代模型;模拟我国某型高速动车组20阶车轮多边形的发展过程,结果与实际情况吻合,证实模型的准确性。基于长期磨损迭代模型,研究车辆运行速度、轮轨模态振动特性和轨道参数对车轮多边形发展的影响。结果表明:随着车辆运行速度增大,最终形成的车轮多边形主导阶次逐渐减小,但产生的激励频率始终在550~600 Hz之间,验证了“频率固定”机理的可靠性;对比分析柔性轮轨、刚性轮柔性轨、柔性轮刚性轨、刚性轮轨4种工况下车轮多边形的发展过程,发现钢轨模态的振动特性对于高阶车轮多边形的产生具有一定的促进作用;增大扣件的刚度可抑制高阶车轮多边形的产生和发展,而增大扣件阻尼则可抑制车轮多边形整体的发展速度。     

车轮螺栓及车轮螺母设计优化

车轮螺栓滑扣、打转、断裂,轮毂滑坑,车轮螺母松退等问题是很多紧固件厂,车桥厂和整车厂所面临的一个很棘手的问题,通过研究分析,经过几方面结构的设计改进及优化,取得了显著的效果。本文通过几个方面的改进,希望给读者提供一定的思路和方法。