New methodology for fast prediction of wheel wear evolution

In railway applications wear prediction in the wheel–rail interface is a fundamental matter in order to study problems such as wheel lifespan and the evolution of vehicle dynamic characteristic with time. However, one of the principal drawbacks of the existing methodologies for calculating the wear evolution is the computational cost. This paper proposes a new wear prediction methodology with a reduced computational cost. This methodology is based on two main steps: the first one is the substitution of the calculations over the whole network by the calculation of the contact conditions in certain characteristic point from whose result the wheel wear evolution can be inferred. The second one is the substitution of the dynamic calculation (time integration calculations) by the quasi-static calculation (the solution of the quasi-static situation of a vehicle at a certain point which is the same that neglecting the acceleration terms in the dynamic equations). These simplifications allow a significant reduction of computational cost to be obtained while maintaining an acceptable level of accuracy (error order of 5–10%). Several case studies are analysed along the paper with the objective of assessing the proposed methodology. The results obtained in the case studies allow concluding that the proposed methodology is valid for an arbitrary vehicle running through an arbitrary track layout.     

Further study on the wheel–rail impact response induced by a single wheel flat: the coupling effect of strain rate and thermal stress

A comprehensive dynamic finite-element simulation method was proposed to study the wheel–rail impact response induced by a single wheel flat based on a 3-D rolling contact model, where the influences of the structural inertia, strain rate effect of wheel–rail materials and thermal stress due to the wheel–rail sliding friction were considered. Four different initial conditions (i.e. pure mechanical loading plus rate-independent, pure mechanical loading plus rate-dependent, thermo-mechanical loading plus rate-independent, and thermo-mechanical loading plus rate-dependent) were involved into explore the corresponding impact responses in term of the vertical impact force, von-Mises equivalent stress, equivalent plastic strain and shear stress. Influences of train speed, flat length and axle load on the flat-induced wheel–rail impact response were discussed, respectively. The results indicate that the maximum thermal stresses are occurred on the tread of the wheel and on the top surface of the middle rail; the strain rate hardening effect contributes to elevate the von-Mises equivalent stress and restrain the plastic deformation; and the initial thermal stress due to the sliding friction will aggravate the plastic deformation of wheel and rail. Besides, the wheel–rail impact responses (i.e. impact force, von-Mises equivalent stress, equivalent plastic strain, and XY shear stress) induced by a flat are sensitive to the train speed, flat length and axle load.     

西安地铁机场线与四号线“倒厅”换乘站北客站站环控方案研究

地铁换乘车站规模大、难点多,是地铁车站设计的难点。北客站站为西安地铁机场线与四号线的"倒厅"换乘车站,为解决"倒厅"换乘环控方案设计难点,结合北客站站设计实例,通过分析车站周边的控制因素,探讨车站风井对西安北站北广场的影响、过轨风道对车站规模的不利因素、站厅与站台楼扶梯口烟气控制、烟气"倒灌"等问题,确定适合本站的通风空调方案,使车站良好地满足各种设计工况,为地铁"倒厅"换乘车站环控方案的选择提供参考依据。     

西康高铁引入安康铁路枢纽方案研究

线路引入枢纽方案是铁路选线的一大重点,尤其是对于比较复杂的枢纽而言。为了研究西康高铁引入安康铁路枢纽的合理方案,运用逐层深入、从宏观到微观的分析方法以及多种方案综合比选手段,从项目功能定位入手,在仔细分析安康铁路枢纽概况、安康市城市总体规划及交通规划、枢纽客运量的基础上,首先对西、中、东三个线路走向方案从技术经济角度比选论证,得出推荐中线方案;然后针对中线方案,研究引入既有安康站和新设安康北站两个方案,得出推荐新设安康北站方案;最后针对动车存车场选址研究站对左、站同右两个方案,得出推荐站对左方案。本次研究提出了"线路+站场"组合思路。     

“米字型”高速铁路枢纽总布置图型研究

《中长期铁路网规划》实施以来,我国"米字型"高速铁路枢纽越来越多,为了做好"米字型"高速铁路枢纽的总图规划,在分析"米字型"高速铁路枢纽引入线路特征及客流特点的基础上,借鉴国外高速铁路枢纽规划布局,研究提出我国"米字型"高速铁路枢纽双十字型和环型两种总布置图型,并研究各自的适用范围和关键技术问题,以便对我国"米字型"高速铁路枢纽的规划建设提供参考。     

不同摩擦系数条件下的轮轨滚动接触特性分析

以直径为860 mm的LMA踏面轮对和60 kg.m-1钢轨为例,采用有限元软件ABAQUS建立三维轮轨滚动接触有限元模型,利用集群逻辑结构的并行计算平台求解该模型,并对不同摩擦系数下轮轨滚动接触特性进行分析。研究表明:摩擦系数对接触斑面积、接触区Mises应力值和法向接触应力影响不大;随着摩擦系数的增大,接触斑黏着区面积增加,接触区内横向和垂向剪应力增大且位置向接触区表面靠近;在相同牵引力矩作用下,随着摩擦系数的增加,轮轨纵向剪应力明显增大;接触斑内摩擦力矢量的纵向分量也随之增大,轮轨摩擦力及其绕原点合力矩的纵向分量也变化明显,最大增幅超过30%,自旋力矩值也随之增大且其中心点在接触斑内沿牵引方向前移。     

客车车轮型面的多目标优化设计模型研究

分别以与轮轨磨耗指数、临界速度和轮轨横向力相关的3个函数为目标函数,以圆弧型车轮型面的圆弧半径和圆心坐标为设计变量,以Nadal脱轨系数最大值不超过GB 5599—85标准规定的1.0、轮轨最大接触应力不超过车轮材料剪切强度3倍和车轮滚动接触疲劳因子小于0的要求为约束条件,给出了铁路客车车轮型面的多目标优化模型。以欧洲ERRI 200 km.h-1标准客车为例,利用铁道车辆动力学仿真软件ADAMS.2005/Rail建立铁路客车动力学模型,并用给出的型面优化模型对其LMa车轮型面进行多目标优化设计,结果表明,踏面型面优化后的车辆临界速度提高约50%,车辆通过曲线时的轮轨磨耗指数下降约12%。     

津山铁路参与天津城市公共交通研究

为有效利用各枢纽内能力虚糜的既有铁路线路发挥城市公共交通功能,根据国内外大城市的成功经验,研究将能力虚糜铁路改造为"城市铁路"的实施方案,以达到缓解城市交通压力和提升铁路经济效益的双赢目的。研究结果表明,改造的虚糜铁路线路适合发挥城市公共交通功能。针对天津既有津山线天津北站至北塘站段参与城市公共交通提出具体实施方案。     

地震荷载作用下轮轨系统振动特性分析

为了分析轮轨系统在地震荷载激励下的动力响应,根据振动力学和有限元理论,利用ANAYS结构分析软件,建立三维轮轨系统接触的有限元模型,模型中考虑轮轨之间的实际接触状态,计算在地震荷载激励下的轮轨系统的振动特性。结果表明:地震荷载下轮轨接触应力是静力时的1.8倍,并且轮轨出现短暂的分离,接触区域的等效Mises应力有不同程度增大,车体加速度超出限值14.3%。     

CRH型高速动车组车轮测量基准初探及量具运用

在CRH型高速动车组车轮轮缘踏面检测中,由于LMA、CN和XP55等3种车轮踏面形状不同,因此,统一测量基准可以使车轮的测量工作更加简便。介绍基于统一的测量基准开发的车轮轮缘踏面检测量具的结构,及使用该量具测量3种车轮踏面主要参数的方法。