机车车辆轮径专用量具测头半径对示值的影响

介绍利用机车车辆轮径专用量具测量车轮轮径的实际状态,分析测量中可能给测量结果带来的影响。依据所建立的数学模型及测量影响程度,说明测量中存在的问题对测量结果的影响。     

Tangential problem solution for non-elliptical contact areas with the FastSim algorithm

This article deals with the application of the FastSim algorithm to the solution of the tangential contact problem for non-elliptical contact areas. At first, the causes creating problems for the solution of non-hertzian contact areas with this algorithm shall be analyzed. Then, different currently existing methods shall be studied, analyzing their accuracy characteristics and computational cost to determine whether or not they are appropriate to use in dynamic simulations. Finally, a new strategy shall be proposed that, in the opinion of the authors, offers good characteristics of precision and computational cost.     

一种低成本计轴设备

西门子公司针对中国市场研发了一种低成本计轴设备,计轴主机仅采用1个模块构成,可处理2个室外检测点的信息,给出2个区段的状态。将简要介绍该计轴设备。     

The effect of railway local irregularities on ground vibration

The environmental effects of ground-borne vibrations generated due to localised railway defects is a growing concern in urban areas. Frequency domain modelling approaches are well suited for predicting vibration levels on standard railway lines due to track periodicity. However, when considering individual, non-periodic, localised defects (e.g. a rail joint), frequency domain modelling becomes challenging. Therefore in this study, a previously validated, time domain, three-dimensional ground vibration prediction model is modified to analyse such defects. A range of different local (discontinuous) rail and wheel irregularity are mathematically modelled, including: rail joints, switches, crossings and wheel flats. Each is investigated using a sensitivity analysis, where defect size and vehicle speed is varied. To quantify the effect on railroad ground-borne vibration levels, a variety of exposure–response relationships are analysed, including: peak particle velocity, maximum weighted time-averaged velocity and weighted decibel velocity. It is shown that local irregularities cause a significant increase in vibration in comparison to a smooth track, and that the vibrations can propagate to greater distances from the line. Furthermore, the results show that step-down joints generate the highest levels of vibration, whereas wheel flats generate much lower levels. It is also found that defect size influences vibration levels, and larger defects cause greater vibration. Lastly, it is shown that for different defect types, train speed effects are complex, and may cause either an increase or decrease in vibration levels.     

赛车轮毂多功能集成化设计新方法

由于传统制造工艺在复杂曲面和集成化加工的局限性,导致方程式赛车轮毂的多功能集成化一直被制约,以至于传统赛车轮毂总成普遍存在体积硕大、重量大、传动效率低等问题。文章基于集成化设计原则,在保留传统赛车轮毂总成所需功能的前提下,改变赛车外球笼、轮毂、轮辐等的结构以进行集成化设计从而得到多功能集成化赛车轮毂。所获得的集成化赛车轮毂体积重量明显减小且传动效率明显提高,达到了通过集成化以实现轻量化的目标。     

虹桥综合交通枢纽指路标志系统分析及仿真评价

从分析虹桥综合交通枢纽的路网结构及行车路径出发,针对复杂路网情况下指路引导系统进行信息过载量的研究及评价,构建枢纽指路系统的仿真模型,来模拟枢纽道路运行情况,并首次通过网上公示的方式,广泛地征询驾驶人意见,优化调整设计方案,充分体现了以人为本的设计和管理理念。     

公路客运站场布局规划方法研究及应用

公路客运站场布局规划是定性分析和定量分析相结合的综合决策,其影响因素很多。在理论分析的基础上,全面考虑国家政策方针中的相关规定、旅客运输的特点和城市总体规划的要求,选择适当的方法对直接影响因素进行定量计算,确定站场数量和规模,使其满足城市居民的交通需求,为城市的经济发展奠定基础。     

虹桥综合交通枢纽指路标志系统分析及仿真评价

从分析虹桥综合交通枢纽的路网结构及行车路径出发,针对复杂路网情况下指路引导系统进行信息过载量的研究及评价,构建枢纽指路系统的仿真模型,来模拟枢纽道路运行情况,并首次通过网上公示的方式,广泛地征询驾驶人意见,优化调整设计方案,充分体现了＂以人为本＂的设计和管理理念。     

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综合考虑枢纽内线路复杂、换乘量大、换乘效率低等问题,分析了枢纽换乘的相关特点. 建立了基于枢纽站点的区域协调调度换乘优化模型. 模型综合考虑了车辆驻站时间变化对车辆到站时间的影响,将车辆在枢纽站点的驻站时间设为一个松弛变量,以车辆在区域内枢纽站点的相遇次数作为目标函数. 通过求目标函数最大值,确定线路车辆在各枢纽站点的最佳发车时间及驻站时间,从而使区域内在枢纽站点的总体换乘时间最短,换乘成本最小. 模型利用遗传算法求解. 经算例验证,算法可有效提高区域内枢纽站点的换乘效率及公交运营服务水平.     

螺旋桨毂帽鳍节能装置的数值评估与试验研究

对螺旋桨毂帽鳍装置的节能效果采用粘流CFD数值模拟与模型试验的方法进行了评估.利用CFD数值工具对毂帽鳍的节能机理、螺旋桨与毂帽鳍的相互作用,以及雷诺数对节能效果评估的影响进行了详细研究.研究表明,在将桨毂、毂帽鳍和桨叶看作一个系统来考虑时,才能定量评估出节能效果.毂帽鳍对整个系统总推力影响很小,对总扭矩显著减小,从而效率增加.实型尺度雷诺数下毂帽鳍计算得到的节能效果更高,这间接证实了毂帽鳍实船节能效果可能比模型试验节能效果更显著.