高速列车横向平稳性主动控制规律研究

提高列车的运行平稳性是机车车辆动力学的研究热点。本文以列车的横向运行平稳性为研究对象,采用面向对象的建模方法,建立了由3节车辆组成的车组横向动力学模型,并将作动器放置在车端构成车端主动悬挂系统。采用轨道不平顺高速谱作为输入,考虑轮轴间时延,运用遗传算法对控制器进行优化设计。研究表明,采用车端主动悬挂系统,运用本文算法,车组的横向运行平稳性得到了提高;当在端部车辆的端部二系悬挂中再并行设置作动器,并采用改进的天棚阻尼器算法后,端部车体的振动得到了有效抑制,整个列车横向运行平稳性进一步得到了改善。     

衬砌脱空雷达波数值模拟与定量解释

地质雷达是隧道衬砌脱空病害检测主要方法,常规探测理论是以菲涅尔带半径为最终空间分辨率,小于该半径的脱空不能识别,而大于该半径的脱空在定量解释上也存在困难。针对隧道脱空检测常用900 MHz天线,采用时域有限差分对不同脱空量的模型进行雷达波数字模拟计算,并合成雷达记录剖面。在分析脱空区域顶、底反射叠加波形特征及振幅变化的基础上,给出不同脱空量模型的波形双峰极值点幅度变化规律,提出基于极值点振幅比反演脱空量的解释策略,并给出反演结果的拟合算法。该策略不仅为脱空区脱空量分析提供一条途经,同时为地质雷达在脱空定量解释方面提供有效的技术手段。     

基于分布式压密传感器的隧道衬砌防脱空主动监测

为解决二次衬砌脱空的问题，实现在浇筑过程中对衬砌脱空的主动监测，结合隧道二次衬砌衬背脱空的成因，研发基于分布式压密传感器的隧道衬砌脱空主动监测系统。该系统由分布式压密传感带、延长线、直显终端及工业电脑组成，具有原理简单、安装便捷等优点。通过在衬砌层间预埋分布式压密传感器，对浇筑过程进行主动监测，结合带模注浆技术，实现对衬砌脱空的精准注浆与快速处治，有效解决隧道衬砌脱空问题。在验证试验中，系统在浇筑过程中共发现2处拱顶空洞，证明该系统对脱空监测的有效性。同时，该系统在国内部分重点铁路线已经取得应用，现场应用情况表明，该系统对二次衬砌拱顶脱空的识别准确率可达到95.5%。     

城市公共交通发展的动力机制研究

城市公共交通发展动力涵盖政府的主导作用、公交运营企业的主动力、公众的支持力以及营销传播的助动力等"四方力量",四方力量的协同推动城市公共交通系统快速发展。首先对城市公共交通发展的动力机制进行分析,研究快速发展面临的困境以及进行公共交通系统动力协调的必要性;然后提出强化政府主导作用的"4P"发展策略、激发公交运营企业主动力的品牌服务策略、拓展公众支持力的乘客关系管理策略、发挥营销传播助动力的促销策略等公共交通协同发展策略;由此增强公共交通竞争力,提高公交出行方式分担率,推动城市可持续发展。     

强夯置换法在地基加固处理中的应用

大连铁龙动力院景B区部分建筑物地基土加固处理采用强夯置换法,经加固处理后复合地基承载力特征值及变形均满足建筑物荷载要求。现对地基加固处理方法的选择及施工进行概括性总结、分析,供同行参考。     

Design of rollover prevention controller with linear matrix inequality-based trajectory sensitivity minimisation

This paper presents a method to design a rollover prevention controller for vehicle systems. The vehicle rollover can be prevented by a controller that minimises the lateral acceleration and the roll angle. Rollover prevention capability can be enhanced if the controlled vehicle system is robust to the variation of the height of the centre of gravity and the speed of the vehicle. For this purpose, a robust controller is designed with linear matrix inequality-based trajectory sensitivity minimisation. Differential braking and active suspension are adopted as actuators that generate yaw and roll moments, respectively. The newly proposed method is shown to be effective in preventing rollover by the simulation on a non-linear multibody dynamic simulation software, CarSim^®.     

Non-stationary random vibration analysis of three-dimensional train–bridge systems

The quarter car model has been used extensively to study the benefits of active, semi-active and passive suspensions. Despite the evident simplicity of the model, the insights obtained from this model have been found to have counterparts in half- and full-car suspension models. Among the most interesting results of the analysis of the quarter car are the relationships among certain transfer function and invariant points in the frequency response functions. These results are of great interest for the application of linear control techniques to the design of active suspensions and the optimisation of linearised passive suspensions. This paper attempts to show why some of the limitations implied by the model are less absolute than they at first seem.     

A closed-loop dynamic simulation-based design method for articulated heavy vehicles with active trailer steering systems

This paper presents a closed-loop dynamic simulation-based design method for articulated heavy vehicles (AHVs) with active trailer steering (ATS) systems. AHVs have poor manoeuvrability at low speeds and exhibit low lateral stability at high speeds. From the design point of view, there exists a trade-off relationship between AHVs’ manoeuvrability and stability. For example, fewer articulation points and longer wheelbases will improve high-speed lateral stability, but they will degrade low-speed manoeuvrability. To tackle this conflicting design problem, a systematic method is proposed for the design of AHVs with ATS systems. In order to evaluate vehicle performance measures under a well-defined testing manoeuvre, a driver model is introduced and it ‘drivers’ the vehicle model to follow a prescribed route at a given speed. Considering the interactions between the mechanical trailer and the ATS system, the proposed design method simultaneously optimises the active design variables of the controllers and passive design variables of the trailer in a single design loop (SDL). Through the design optimisation of an ATS system for an AHV with a truck and a drawbar trailer combination, this SDL method is compared against a published two design loop method. The benchmark investigation shows that the former can determine better trade-off design solutions than those derived by the latter. This SDL method provides an effective approach to automatically implement the design synthesis of AHVs with ATS systems.     

基于多电平变频器的有源电力滤波器

含独立电源的级联H桥多电平变频器具有每个H桥单元结构相同、易于实现模块化设计等优点，因而在无功补偿和有源电力滤波器等领域有广泛的应用前景。在并联有源电力滤波器（APF）系统中，由于直流侧不需要提供有功功率，可充分利用级联多电平变频器的优势及载波相移PWM技术良好的谐波传输特性。提出了一种基于多电平变流器的并联APF系统的电路拓扑结构，并在交直流控制策略和系统参数设计方面进行了分析。仿真和实验结果表明，此系统动态响应速度快、补偿性能良好，验证了理论分析的正确性和实验系统的可行性。     

考虑楼板变形时框支剪力墙结构的框支层合理设计研究

将框支剪力墙结构沿竖向划分成为转换层上部剪力墙结构和转换层下部框架-剪力墙结构。对各部分结构假定质量刚度沿高度均匀分布,将楼板看成水平放置的深梁,并假定以剪切变形为主。根据平衡条件,列出微分方程组。采用相应的数学程序求解,得到结构水平侧移及各构件内力。通过对内力和侧移的双重控制,进行框支层的合理设计。