Use of combinatorial auctions in the railway industry: Can the “invisible hand” draw the railway timetable?

Rail capacity is currently administratively allocated in Europe, whereas the economic literature has often contemplated the opportunity of introducing market mechanisms, auctions in particular, into this industry. This article tries to fill the gap between practice and theory. It first describes the properties of rail capacity (rigidity and non-homogeneity) and shows that because of its very nature, this capacity must be allocated through combinatorial auctions. As identified by the economic literature, using combinatorial auctions introduces a lot of complexity (winner determination and information burden) into the allocation process. To deal with this complexity, some form of centralized planning is necessary to design the right market mechanisms and to allocate capacity. This could have strong consequences on the current deregulation process.     

厦漳大桥北汊主桥通航孔通航能力分析

厦漳大桥北汊主桥通航孔的通航能力与其上游及桥区附近的码头建设规模密切相关.以调研数据为基础,分析北汊主桥通航孔的特点及碍航性,提出通航净空高度是制约其通航能力的主要因素,通过实船数据的统计分析,论证北汊主桥通航孔的通航能力.其结论对该桥区通航安全管理及桥区上游和附近码头建设规模的确定具有参考价值.     

高速公路客运发展研究

近年来,高速公路客运随着高速公路的快速增长而迅速发展,其拥有安全、快捷、舒适、优质服务等特点,但也面临着客运站建设落后、运力结构不合理、运力与运量不平衡等问题,研究高速公路客运的发展措施对于指导实际工作有一定的意义。     

Trade-offs between mobility and equity maximization under environmental capacity constraints: A case study of an integrated multi-objective model

This paper investigates the performance of a policy decision tool proposed for multi-objective decision under different policy interventions. This tool deals with the trade-off between mobility and equity maximization under environmental capacity constraints. Two system objectives, maximization of mobility and equity, are formulated in terms of the sum of total car ownership and number of trips, and the differences in accessibility between zones. Environmental capacities are based on production efficiency theory in which the frontier emission under maximum system efficiency is taken as environmental capacity. To examine the performance of the proposed model, three types of hypothetical policies (network improvement, population increase and urban sprawl) are formulated. Effects are simulated using data pertaining to Dalian City, China. Results show that the proposed model is capable of representing the trade-offs between mobility and equity based on different policy interventions. Compared with two extreme cases with the single objective of mobility maximization or equity maximization, the Pareto-optimal solutions provide more interesting practical options for decision makers. Taking the solution based on the maximum equity as an example, the policy of urban sprawl yields the most significant improvement in both emission and accessibility of the three scenarios.     

某特大桥的单梁破坏性试验研究

利用反力框架装置,对某特大桥的拆除旧梁进行破坏性试验,得出各项参数,在此基础上对试验梁进行极限承载能力以及变形能力评价,可供同行参考。     

预应力混凝土连续弯梁桥承载能力检测的应用研究

采用车辆加载系统,模拟预应力混凝土连续弯梁在使用阶段的最不利荷载效应,确定试验荷载的最不利位置,通过对试验梁的应力、挠度和裂缝的计算,为评价试验梁的承载能力提供理论依据。     

大跨度钢管混凝土劲性骨架拱桥极限承载力分析

针对大跨度钢管混凝土劲性骨架拱桥在变形、失稳破坏期间产生的材料和几何非线性特性,对这种桥型的非线性分析理论和分析方法进行了研究,并以宜万线上某大桥为例,进行了静力荷载作用下的极限承载力分析;此外,对该桥的刚度问题、设计荷载下的应力控制区域等问题进行了研究。研究结果表明,钢管混凝土肋拱具有较好的弹塑性性能和较高的承载能力。     

斜坡地基上填方路堤极限承载力影响因素分析

影响斜坡地基上填方路堤极限承载力的因素主要有:斜坡坡度、路堤填土高度、路堤顶面宽度、路堤边坡坡度等。运用极限分析上限法对斜坡地基上不同斜坡坡度、不同填土高度、不同路堤宽度以及不同路堤边坡坡度的填方路堤极限承载力进行计算,得出了各个因素对其极限承载力的影响。研究结果表明路堤填筑高度和顶面宽度对其极限承载力的影响最大,其次为斜坡坡度的影响,而路堤边坡坡度对其影响并不显著。建议综合考虑斜坡坡度、填土高度、路堤宽度、路堤边坡坡度、极限承载力等各种因素来指导斜坡地基上填方路堤的设计与施工,以确保山区高速公路安全畅通。     

城市高架路下匝道衔接道路通行能力研究

在分析道路衔接的构造特性及交通流特性基础上,采用回归分析技术及可接受间隙理论,综合考虑车辆驶离匝道后汇入地面道路、完成交织运行、顺利进入交叉口的运行过程,从系统的角度构建下匝道衔接道路的通行能力模型.结合实际调查数据,通过与Vissim仿真值进行比较,对模型的正确性进行了验证,结果表明模型是有效的.     

非港湾式停靠站对路段通行能力的影响研究

分析了路段上非港湾公交车站对路段通行能力有影响的6个因素,在实地调查的基础上,运用VISSIM进行试验仿真,得到大量数据,定量分析了各影响因素对路段通行能力的影响。建立神经网络模型对仿真数据进行分析,得到一组权值和偏差矩阵数据,通过该数据以及神经网络模型,可以在不同条件下,得到非港湾停靠站对路段通行能力的影响系数。