MET-43SB型增压器轴承及转子烧损故障分析

增压器轴承烧损是常见故障之一,由于增压器故障隐蔽性强,事故突发性大,在使用中不易被发现,存在严重的事故隐患。文章针对MET-43SB型增压器的轴承、转子烧损故障,分析其产生的原因,并介绍修理方案,供同行借鉴。     

广州地铁二号线列车受电弓碳滑板异常磨耗分析

分析了可能造成广州地铁二号线列车受电弓碳滑板出现异常磨耗问题的原因,确定造成碳滑板异常磨耗的因素主要包括:接触网布置的均匀性及受电弓弓头结构、升弓保持力等。     

中国货运结构优化的碳减排效应测度

管理部门和学界高度重视货运结构优化问题，因为过高的公路货运量导致货运碳排放居高不下，不利于早日实现“碳达峰、碳中和”目标。除货运结构外，货运碳排放受诸多因素影响，但研究者大多仅关注部分重点因素影响，对于货运结构优化的碳减排效应缺乏准确理解。为解决上述问题，本文利用“自上而下”法测算1999—2019年中国货运碳排放量，并构建综合考虑社会经济变量(如人均GDP)与货运特征变量(如货运分担率)的偏最小二乘回归模型，通过调整不同货运方式使用费用，模拟2030年不同政策刺激情景下货运结构优化的碳减排效应。结果表明：1999— 2019年，社会经济变量对货运碳排放增长的年均贡献度为73%，显著高于货运特征变量；公路、铁路和水路货运分担率变化对货运碳排放增长的年均贡献度分别为1.81%、-0.01%和-0.26%；2030 年公路货运量全部转为铁路或水路货运量的极端情景，难以实现单位GDP货运碳排放较2005年下降65%的标准；增加高碳货运方式使用费用的碳减排效应比降低低碳货运方式使用费用更显著。     

国内外公路运输场站绿色低碳发展政策和技术应用现状分析

通过文献调研,采用纵向比较的方法,文章分析了我国与美国、欧盟、日本等发达国家及地区公路运输场站绿色低碳的发展政策和技术应用现状,并针对我国公路运输场站发展实际,提出了今后公路运输场站绿色低碳发展的几点建议。     

模糊需求下快捷货物低碳运输方式及路径选择

针对模糊需求下的低碳快捷货运运输方式选择及路径规划问题,运用模糊优化理论,以2-型三角模糊变量表示不确定需求,以运输成本和碳排放量为目标,建立多目标模糊机会约束规划模型。采用逼近理想解排序法对多目标进行处理,得出不同置信水平下的快捷货物运输方案;进而探讨置信参数变化时对运输成本及碳排放量的影响,分析运输成本及碳排放量随运输时间的变化情况。研究结果表明:碳排放量对快捷货物运输方式及路径选择具有一定影响;需求不确定时,在满足运到时限的前提下,合理选择运输方式和路径对于降低运输成本和减少碳排放具有重要意义。     

Examining transport futures with scenario analysis and MCA

Climate change is a global problem and across the world the transport sector is finding it difficult to break projected increases in carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions; there are very few contexts where deep reductions in transport CO₂ emissions are being made. A number of research studies are now examining the potential for future lower CO₂ emissions in the transport sector. This paper develops this work to consider some of the wider sustainability impacts (economic, social and local environmental) as well as the lower CO₂ transport impacts of different policy trajectories. Hence the central argument made is for an integrated approach to transport policy making over the longer term - incorporating scenario analysis and multi-criteria assessment (MCA) - to help assess likely progress against a range of objectives.The analysis is based on work carried out in Oxfordshire, UK. Different packages of measures are selected and two scenarios developed which satisfy lower CO₂ aspirations, one of which also provides wider positive sustainability impacts. A simulation model has been produced to help explore the strategic policy choices and tensions evident for decision-makers involved in local transport planning. The paper argues for a ‘strategic conversation’ (Van der Heijden, 1996) at the sub-regional and city level, based upon future scenario analysis and MCA, discussing the priorities for intervention. Such an approach will help us examine the scale of change and trade-offs required in moving towards sustainable transport futures.     

Probabilistic assessment of aviation CO2 emission targets

Passenger demand for air transportation is expected to continue growing into the future. The increase in operations will undoubtedly lead to an escalation in harmful carbon dioxide emissions, an adverse effect that governing bodies have been striving to mitigate. The International Air Transport Association has set aggressive environmental targets for the global aviation industry. This paper investigates the achievability of those targets in the US using a top-down partial equilibrium model of the aviation system complemented with a previously developed fleet turnover procedure. Three ‘enablers’ are considered: aircraft technologies, operational improvements and sustainable biofuels. To account for sources of uncertainty, Monte Carlo simulations are conducted to run a multitude of scenarios. It was found that the likelihood of meeting all targets is extremely low (0.3%) for the expected demand growth rates in the US. Results show that biofuels have the most impact on system CO₂ emissions, responsible for an average 64% of the total savings by 2050 (with aircraft technologies and operational improvements responsible for 31% and 5%, respectively). However, this impact is associated with high uncertainty and very dependent on both biofuel type and availability.     

某新能源汽车复合材料前车门轻量化设计

本文以汽车前门作为研究对象,以碳纤维结构设计及铺层形式进行研究。经过仿真分析表明,碳纤维前车门的模态、刚度、强度都得到了明显的提升,在满足性能要求的基础上,重量得到了减轻,实现了轻量化的目的。     

基于协整分析的我国交通运输业碳排放影响因素研究

交通运输业是碳排放的大户,识别影响碳排放的主要因素有利于采取合理措施降低行业碳排放。采用自上而下的基于能源消耗的计算方法,对我国交通运输业1991—2011年的碳排放进行了测算。并运用协整理论和误差修正模型对碳排放的影响因素进行了实证分析,结果表明:交通能源强度每增长1个单位将导致交通运输业碳排放上升1.429 165个单位,交通运输换算周转量每增长1个单位将导致交通运输业碳排放上升0.985 885个单位。因此,必须采取有效措施降低交通能源强度,减少单位周转量的碳排放,促进交通运输业的可持续发展。     

摩托车燃油蒸发炭罐控制技术研究

针对摩托车国Ⅲ燃油蒸发排放标准要求,以豪豹HB125摩托车为试验样车进行燃油蒸发炭罐控制系统的设计研究。结果表明,所设计的燃油蒸发炭罐控制系统不仅能较大程度地降低燃油蒸发排放水平,满足国Ⅲ燃油蒸发标准要求,其尾气排放也满足国Ⅲ排放标准要求。