我国水路运输碳排放现状及减碳路径分析

本文在阐述我国水路运输碳排放现状的基础上,分析了水路运输减少碳排放过程中存在的主要问题,提出了水路运输减碳主要路径和政策建议,为相关部门开展碳减排工作提供参考。     

国六柴油机颗粒物捕集器在工程应用中的关键问题分析

通过分析国六排放法规,并结合对OEM(Original Equipment Manufacturer)市场国六后处理技术的开发以及我国的特殊地理环境,总结了国六柴油机颗粒物捕集器(Diesel Particulate Filter,DPF)开发的重点、难点问题.综合来看,开发高目数、薄壁、非对称孔道结构及高强度的DPF...     

基于便携式排放测试系统与BP神经网络的大型客车排放预测

以大型客车为研究对象,在长沙市的不同道路工况下进行了车载排放测试,借助道路测试得到的数据,利用BP神经网络,以逐秒的速度、加速度、比功率和油耗数据为输入,建立CO2、CO和NOx的排放预测模型,并用部分试验数据进行了验证.结果表明,CO2、CO和NOx预测结果的总体相关系数R为0.9167,线性高度相关,在整体误差水平...     

Optimization of Wiedemann and Fritzsche car-following models for emission estimation

Recent studies have provided that the vehicle trajectories generated by car-following models may not represent the real driving characteristics, thus leading to significant emission estimation errors. In this paper, two of the most widely used car-following models, Wiedemann and Fritzsche models, were selected and analyzed based on the massive field car-following trajectories in Beijing. A numerical simulation method was designed to generate the following car’s trajectories by using the field trajectories as the input. By comparing the simulated and the filed data, the representativeness of the simulated regime fractions and VSP distributions were evaluated. Then, the mechanism of car-following models was investigated from the aspects of regime determination and the acceleration rule in each regime. Further, the regime threshold parameters and acceleration model were optimized for emission estimations. This study found that the “Following” regime threshold of SDX and the maximum acceleration in “Free Driving” regime are critical parameters for Wiedemann model. The differences between the Wiedemann simulated VSP distribution and the field one can be reduced separately by applying the optimized SDX and maximum acceleration model individually. However, a much sharper reduction was observed by optimizing both parameters simultaneously, and the emission estimation errors were further reduced, which were less than 4% in the case studies. Fritzsche model generated more realistic VSP distributions and emissions, while the maximum accelerations could be further optimized for high speed conditions.     

Quantifying the environmental impacts of increasing high occupancy vehicle lanes in the United States

To what extent will increasing High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) lane-kilometer incentivize carpooling and reduce emissions of air pollutants and greenhouse gases? To answer these questions, we develop a multiple regression model relating HOV lanes and other socioeconomic factors to carpooling propensity in all 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia, then calculate the extent to which increasing HOV lane-kilometers would lead to reductions in carbon dioxide equivalent (CO₂e) and major air pollutants across the U.S., by state. Increasing HOV lane extent has the greatest potential to reduce annual CO₂e in the District of Columbia, followed by Hawaii and New York. The smallest potential is found in states with the lowest population density, led by North Dakota. We then explore the extent to which recommendations made at one level of data aggregation (that of individual states) may be valid for another level, such as individual counties. The only state with sufficient data available to disaggregate the model to the county level is California, where we found a lower potential for state-wide CO₂e emission reductions under the county-level model as compared to the state-level model (0.69% as compared to 1.08%, under the same hypothetical scenario), albeit with significant differences in emission reduction potential between counties with higher vs. lower population densities. This analysis demonstrates the potential to generate generalizable insight into the magnitude of vehicle emission reductions that might be achieved through expanding HOV lanes, and highlights the importance of data disaggregation in identifying the optimal locations for potential reductions.     

基于公路改扩建节能减排造价管理系统的研究

随着节能减排工作的深化和细化,公路基础设施建设的节能减排越来越受到重视。基于全国公路工程造价管理系统和中国生命周期核心数据库,可以快速实现改扩建公路生命周期能耗和碳排放的规范化核算,从而筛选出节能减排效益较优的设计方案。文章通过海南省某省道改扩建项目的实证研究,为设计方案节能减排核算及效益评价提供范例,为优化公路建设行业节能减排管理提供思路。     

碳达峰下城市交通运输减排治理策略研究

随着我国城镇化和机动化进程的不断加快，交通运输行业的污染排放问题愈发严重，已经 成为碳排放的主要来源之一。通过政策手段有效治理城市交通运输污染排放是实现城市可持续 发展和2030年碳达峰目标的关键。本文在分析城市交通系统结构和各个要素因果关系的基础 上，将城市交通能耗与排放系统划分为：人口、经济、私家车、公共交通、物流与货运、交通基础设 施、能源消耗与排放等7个子系统，利用系统动力学方法建立城市交通减排治理决策模型，以哈尔 滨市为例进行策略仿真。在对模型进行方程设置、参数估计和有效性检验之后，利用Vensim软件 仿真模拟不同交通减排治理策略实施效果，并探讨如何通过不同策略组合实现城市交通碳达峰 目标，为碳达峰下城市交通减排治理提供决策依据和策略方案。     

Potential of a repair system for grouted connections in offshore structures: Development and experimental verification

Grouted connections are intensively used in offshore rigs, platforms as well as jacket and monopile offshore wind turbine structures. Being located in remote offshore conditions, these connections can experience considerable adverse loading during their lifetimes. Degradation was reported inside similar connections, which were installed in the last three decades. Grouting in the offshore sites may often be proven difficult, which eventually leads to reduced load-bearing capacity of connections in the long run. Thus, repair and rehabilitation of such connections should be planned ahead to minimize operational delays and costs. In this study, scaled grouted connections were manufactured using a novel mould, whose integrity were monitored using digital image correlation (DIC). The connections were loaded under static load to visualize the main failure pattern using distributed fibre optic sensors and acoustic emission (AE) analysis. Grouted connections were then repaired using a cementitious injectable grout. The effectiveness of the grout injection was monitored using dye penetration technique. Finally, specimens are reloaded to identify the potential of such repair for grouted connections.     

高原地区E50汽油机掺烧含水乙醇的试验研究

阐述了在高原地区进行汽油机掺烧含水乙醇的试验研究,着重介绍了掺烧50%的含水乙醇的汽油对汽油机的经济性、动力性的影响。还进行了怠速排放对比试验的研究。试验结果表明,此比例的混合燃料的稳定性良好；能够保持发动机的原机动力性；有效燃油消耗率有一定的上升,但不是十分明显；当量燃油消耗率明显低于原机水平,提高了原机的经济性；有效热效率相对于原机有了不同程度的提高；怠速工况CH和CO的排放有所改善。     

船舶分段涂装VOCs有组织排放治理工艺

近年来国家环保政策逐渐趋严,船舶企业的旧废气处理设备逐渐无法满足新环保要求,船舶企业对新设备的选择缺乏理论依据及数据支持。分析船舶分段涂装挥发性有机物（Volatile Organic Compounds,VOCs）有组织排放的特点,对比不同处理工艺的适用工况,研制适合船舶分段涂装VOCs有组织排放的组合处理设备,并对其处理效果进行检测。结果表明,该组合处理设备的处理效果良好,完全满足新环保标准。