孔外延期网路在隧道侧穿危楼爆破中的应用研究

为解决在单孔单段起爆时因普通导爆管雷管段数的限制需分次起爆的问题,针对隧道近距离侧穿危楼爆破开挖时提出一种新的起爆网路,即利用20段普通导爆管雷管进行多组之间的孔外延期,同时利用3段普通导爆管雷管在每组内部之间进行孔外延期。现场试验表明,该起爆网路可以使起爆次数从原来的5次降至2次。且现场振动监测数据显示,振速峰值与原来分次爆破的振速峰值基本处于同一水平,振速平均峰值较原起爆网路提高5%,并未发现有振动叠加的现象。     

地铁列车振动荷载作用下隧道底部土层孔隙水压力及变形特性研究

为研究地铁列车振动荷载长期作用下隧道底部土层的孔隙水压力及变形特性,以北京地铁7号线2期（东延）工程为背景,利用ADINA有限元计算平台建立典型隧道区间断面的有效应力分析模型,进行上限速度行车荷载作用下饱和场地土层-隧道体系水土耦合动力响应分析,研究典型位置处孔隙水压力时程变化规律,并预测地铁振动荷载作用下引起的沉降量。同时,对北京地铁7号线粉细砂进行土工室内试验,进一步研究隧道底部土层在地铁行车荷载作用下的孔隙水压力及竖向变形发展规律。结果表明： 1）在长期列车振动荷载作用下,隧道底部土层孔隙水压力逐渐增大,且增大值随土层深度的增加而减小; 2）土体的累积超孔隙水压力比和累积应变量随着荷载幅值的增加而增大; 3）与非均等固结条件相比,均等固结条件下的超孔隙水压力比较大,但累计应变量小; 4）列车振动引起的超孔隙水压力和应变均较小,超孔隙水压力在列车停运期间足以消散完毕。     

无锡地铁运行引起上马墩站振动的现场试验研究

高频次的地铁运营引发的超量振动对于周边生活和工作造成了明显的负面影响,为了获取地铁诱发振动的传播规律,在无锡地区进行从车站到上盖物业的现场振动实测。在上马墩站搭建整套加速度信号振动测试系统,获取各测点3个方向时域加速度信号,分析结构在时域和频域的基本特征,对地铁运行造成上马墩站振动影响进行评价。研究发现： 1）垂向振动在通常情况下明显占优,横向、纵向振动相当; 2）上盖物业振动主要集中为25~50 Hz; 3）车站的Z振级接近规范规定白天限值,超出了夜间限值,有必要采取结构优化或减振措施对地铁运行引起的振动进行控制。     

Dynamic response of the train–track–bridge system subjected to derailment impacts

Derailments on bridges, although not frequent, when occurs due to a complex dynamic interaction of the train–track–bridge structural system, are very severe. Furthermore, the forced vibration induced by the post-derailment impacts can toss out the derailed wagons from the bridge deck with severe consequences to the traffic underneath and the safety of the occupants of the wagons. This paper presents a study of the train–track–bridge interaction during a heavy freight train crossing a concrete box girder bridge from a normal operation to a derailed state. A numerical model that considers the bridge vibration, train–track interaction and the train post-derailment behaviour is formulated based on a coupled finite-element – multi-body dynamics (FE-MBD) theory. The model is applied to predict the post-derailment behaviour of a freight train composed of one locomotive and several wagons, as well as the dynamic response of a straight single-span simply supported bridge containing ballast track subjected to derailment impacts. For this purpose, a typical derailment scenario of a heavy freight train passing over a severe track geometry defect is introduced. The dynamic derailment behaviour of the heavy freight train and the dynamic responses of the rail bridge are illustrated through numerical examples. The results exhibit the potential for tossing out of the derailed trains from the unstable increase in the yaw angle signature and a lower rate of increase of the bridge deck bending moment compared to the increase in the static axle load of the derailed wheelset.     

Experimental investigation into the mechanism of the polygonal wear of electric locomotive wheels

Experiments were conducted at field sites to investigate the mechanism of the polygonal wear of electric locomotive wheels. The polygonal wear rule of electric locomotive wheels was obtained. Moreover, two on-track tests have been carried out to investigate the vibration characteristics of the electric locomotive's key components. The measurement results of wheels out-of-round show that most electric locomotive wheels exhibit polygonal wear. The main centre wavelength in the 1/3 octave bands is 200?mm and/or 160?mm. The test results of vibration characteristics indicate that the dominating frequency of the vertical acceleration measured on the axle box is approximately equal to the passing frequency of a polygonal wheel, and does not vary with the locomotive speed during the acceleration course. The wheelset modal analysis using the finite element method (FEM) indicates that the first bending resonant frequency of the wheelset is quite close to the main vibration frequency of the axle box. The FEM results are verified by the experimental modal analysis of the wheelset. Moreover, different plans were designed to verify whether the braking system and the locomotive's adhesion control have significant influence on the wheel polygon or not. The test results indicate that they are not responsible for the initiation of the wheel polygon. The first bending resonance of the wheelset is easy to be excited in the locomotive operation and it is the root cause of wheel polygon with centre wavelength of 200?mm in the 1/3 octave bands.     

A linear complementarity method for the solution of vertical vehicle–track interaction

A new method is proposed for the solution of the vertical vehicle–track interaction including a separation between wheel and rail. The vehicle is modelled as a multi-body system using rigid bodies, and the track is treated as a three-layer beam model in which the rail is considered as an Euler-Bernoulli beam and both the sleepers and the ballast are represented by lumped masses. A linear complementarity formulation is directly established using a combination of the wheel–rail normal contact condition and the generalised-α method. This linear complementarity problem is solved using the Lemke algorithm, and the wheel–rail contact force can be obtained. Then the dynamic responses of the vehicle and the track are solved without iteration based on the generalised-α method. The same equations of motion for the vehicle and track are adopted at the different wheel–rail contact situations. This method can remove some restrictions, that is, time-dependent mass, damping and stiffness matrices of the coupled system, multiple equations of motion for the different contact situations and the effect of the contact stiffness. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed method is effective for simulating the vehicle–track interaction including a separation between wheel and rail.     

海洋非金属管道在位稳性数值模拟

文章研究了在波流水动力荷载作用下海洋非金属管道管土接触的在位稳性。通过嵌入UWAVE子程序的ABAQUS施加考虑升力的水动力荷载,编写基于Zhang理论弹塑性模型自定义管土接触单元,对管道进行动态分析。结果发现管道的应力应变处于较低水平,在位状态失效不是由强度破坏造成的;不考虑升力将使管道陷深增大,侧向位移受到约束。最后做了参数分析,包括管道安装过程中的集中荷载效应、海床土壤类型及考虑海床不平整造成的悬跨段长度。     

基于流固耦合的螺旋桨水动力性能数值仿真

根据螺旋桨理论,将基于粘流理论的计算流体动力学方法与结构有限元分析方法相结合,构建螺旋桨的流固耦合数值仿真方法。运用该方法对螺旋桨进行计算分析,并与试验结果进行对比,两者吻合较好。证明了利用构建的FSI方法与传统的CFD方法计算同一金属材料螺旋桨时,在低进速下计算所得结果较传统CFD方法更为准确。从多角度阐明所建立的流固耦合数值方法在复合材料螺旋桨研究方面的独特优势,为复合材料螺旋桨性能分析提供了必要的工具。     

1100TEU船振动和噪音研究分析及方案实施

论述了有关振动和噪音的最新生效的规范规则及其影响,设计院所、船级社和船厂协同对1100TEU小型集装箱船的振动和噪音进行规范研究分析,进行了有限元建模计算分析和船模试验的理论分析论证,并对设计方案和工程践行工艺提出了具有极高使用价值的实施建议,为确保江南造船1100TEU(船号H2538~43)振动噪音考核的重要性能指标均达到了设计目标而按期顺利交船提供了技术支持。     

动力定位作用下S型铺管作业耦合运动分析

文章建立了S型铺管船的船体、托管架和管线动态耦合模型。考虑了海浪、风和海流载荷作用下以及动力定位系统的控制下,分析时域内管道对船舶运动和受力特点的影响。主要包括：建立起重铺管船的动力定位运动模型,建立基于碰撞-接触原理的V型托辊和托管架模型,设计具有PID伺服系统的张紧器模型,提供连接托管架和船尾的非线性弹性铰接模型。进行时域动态模拟得到结果,通过与非铺管作业工况下的运动响应的对比表明,管线对船舶横摇运动影响较大,对纵摇和垂荡运动有一定程度的影响;管道对船舶纵荡、横荡和艏摇三个自由度上的受力影响极大。