营运船舶航行性能和海洋环境监测平台开发验证

EEDI是衡量船舶能效水平的重要指标.由于试验条件限制,目前主要还是依靠模型试验结果对交船测试进行修正换算得到.上海船舶运输科学研究所自主研发了航行性能和海洋环境监测平台,可对营运船舶开展长期跟踪监测,实时收集船舶营运阶段的航行环境和性能参数,通过自动识别航行状态,划分海区、海况和船舶载况等因素对于船舶功率与航速的影响,可获得营运船舶实际EEDI指标,提高EEDI实船验证结果的准确性.监测平台在某万箱级集装箱船进行相关验证,并已展开长期监测.     

船用防污涂料浅海浸泡试验防污性能评价方法

针对防污漆样板浅海浸泡试验防污性评定,通过分析不同类别的生物污损对防污涂料涂层的影响,根据其影响程度的不同划分合适的评分比例,并选取单体污损作为主要评价标尺。参考国标《防污漆样板浅海浸泡试验方法》,结合浅海浸泡试验,在实际运用中发现现行评价体系的不足之处,并提出相应的解决方案,在此基础上建立一套行之有效的船用防污涂料防污性评价方法。     

单侧边载作用下黏土中单桩负摩阻力特性模型试验研究

桩基础边载作用会在桩周产生负摩阻力,进而危及软土地区高桩码头、人工岛、路基等工程的安全。通过开展黏土中单侧堆载作用下单桩室内模型试验,测定桩身应变、桩顶沉降和水平位移,研究边载作用距离和桩型对桩身轴力及弯矩的影响,探讨桩身负摩阻力、桩顶沉降和水平位移在黏土固结过程中的时间效应。结果表明:边载作用距离对桩身最大轴力和最大弯矩有较大影响;翼板桩会增加桩身最大轴力和最大弯矩;负摩阻力和有效应力系数随时间增长且增速趋缓;增加边载作用距离和添加翼板都会提升桩身中性点位置,在这两组试验中均提升了8.33%。     

深厚软土地基钢管桩静载试验研究

通过对软土地基中1根桩长52.5 m、桩径1 m的钢管桩的压桩试验、拔桩试验和水平静载试验,探讨软土地基中钢管桩工程性状和分布规律。结果表明:软土地基钢管桩水平静载试验的最大弯矩值在泥面以下2倍桩径处,且不随着荷载的增加而改变;软土地基的水平静载试验,按照按泥面位移10 mm进行位移控制时,其m值可取3 500 kN/m~4;软土地基由于侧阻力较小,压桩试验时,传递至桩底的轴力值与桩顶荷载的比例可达30%,而拔桩时,该值为12%左右。     

斜拉索-磁流变阻尼器多性能约束下的减振控制算法

提出一种极点和方差指标约束下的斜拉索-磁流变减振控制算法。基于Halmiton原理与切比雪夫级数求解方法建立斜拉索-阻尼器减振控制系统状态空间方程。以极点表达减振控制快速性和稳定性约束,以方差表达小振幅和振速约束,基于凸优化理论,给出满足相容快速性、稳定性、小振幅以及振速指标约束下的磁流变半主动减振控制算法。最后,以某斜拉桥C20号斜拉索为例进行仿真验证。结果表明,给出的减振控制算法能保证斜拉索在随机外界激励下的快速性稳定性,且有效抑制拉索的振幅,减振效果良好。     

A Delphi analysis on green performance evaluation indices for ports in China

This study identified a set of applicable and practical green performance evaluation indices for Chinese ports using the Delphi technique. The research was conducted by targeting three representative Chinese ports in Eastern China: the Shanghai Port, Ningbo Port, and Qingdao Port. An effective expert panel was structured with direct stakeholders related to green performance, which was based on a sufficient consideration of the unique and the special decision-making system for Chinese ports. Twenty-one green performance indices in six dimensions (i.e. liquid pollution management, air pollution management, noise control, low carbon regulations and energy savings, marine biology preservation, and organization and management) were eventually identified through three rounds of iterations. The identified green performance indices for Chinese ports are highly consistent with the Chinese Government’s environmental policies. Compared with European ports, the green port performance indicators in China are not as comprehensive. The indicators that are strictly consistent with national macro policies and the factors that are more easily seen, heard, and felt were perceived to be more important. From an academic perspective, this study offers a new approach for system establishment and green practice criteria exploration and thus provides a significant basis for further green port studies.     

干线公路高模量沥青混凝土应用研究

文章试验研究了不同PR/RA改性剂掺量的高模量沥青混凝土(HMAC)的抗车辙性能,分析了层位、层厚、模量、轴载、温度和荷载次数等因素对高模量沥青混凝土路面抗车辙性能的影响程度,提出了合理的路面层位设置、模量取值范围及路面结构组合,并通过某干线公路试验路段,验证了高模量沥青混凝土的抗车辙效果。     

Vehicle mass as a determinant of fuel consumption and secondary safety performance

One interaction between environmental and safety goals in transport is found within the vehicle fleet where fuel economy and secondary safety performance of individual vehicles impose conflicting requirements on vehicle mass from an individual’s perspective. Fleet characteristics influence the relationship between the environmental and safety outcomes of the fleet; the topic of this paper. Cross-sectional analysis of mass within the British fleet is used to estimate the partial effects of mass on the fuel consumption and secondary safety performance of vehicles. The results confirmed that fuel consumption increases as mass increases and is different for different combinations of fuel and transmission types. Additionally, increasing vehicle mass generally decreases the risk of injury to the driver of a given vehicle in the event of a crash. However, this relationship depends on the characteristics of the vehicle fleet, and in particular, is affected by changes in mass distribution within the fleet. We confirm that there is generally a trade-off in vehicle design between fuel economy and secondary safety performance imposed by mass. Cross-comparison of makes and models by model-specific effects reveal cases where this trade-off exists in other aspects of design. Although it is shown that mass imposes a trade-off in vehicle design between safety and fuel use, this does not necessarily mean that it imposes a trade-off between safety and environmental goals in the vehicle fleet as a whole because the secondary safety performance of a vehicle depends on both its own mass and the mass of the other vehicles with which it collides.     

Risk perception affecting the performance of shipping companies: the moderating effect of China and Korea

Risks in the shipping industry have been highlighted and have attracted significant attention, especially following the bankruptcy of Hanjin in 2017. Due to the decrease in container volume, the business environment for large shipping companies in China has deteriorated. Therefore, major large shipping companies have implemented mixed ownership reform, which provides more opportunities for large Korean shipping companies to enter the Chinese shipping industry. This study first identifies risk perception, specifically focusing on the moderating effect of Chinese and Korean shipping companies, and then demonstrates the impact of these risks on shipping company performance. The results show that market, operational, and technical risks have a negative influence on Chinese shipping companies, whereas market, policy, financial, operations, and technical risks have a negative influence on Korean shipping companies. This study contributes to the fundamental understanding of the effect of risk perception on performance among shipping companies in both countries and calls for further research on risk management plans based on the risk factors identified herein. On a practical level, this study provides an important reference for operators and investors who seek to enter strategic alliances or joint venture in Chinese shipping industry.     

复合纤维混凝土的早期抗裂性能

通过在水泥基体中加入纤维素纤维(CTF)、聚乙烯醇纤维(PF)、复合微筋纤维(VS)3种性能各异的纤维,分析了其单掺与混掺时混凝土的早期抗裂性能.结果表明:单掺时PF在3种纤维中对早期抗裂性能贡献最大,但混掺时CTF,VS可与PF形成互补,产生正混杂效应,其中CTF与PF共同遏制早期微裂纹的扩展,VS在微裂纹扩展为裂缝时发挥"桥接"作用,从而增强混凝土早期抗裂性能.研究结果可为研发高性能水泥基复合纤维材料提供参考.