铁路后张法预应力混凝土简支箱梁预制场的设计

结合哈大铁路客运专线公主岭制梁场的工程实践,分析铁路后张法预应力混凝土简支箱梁预制场设计中应注意的问题。     

就地冷再生技术在高速公路养护工程中的应用研究

就地冷再生技术具有施工便捷、污染小、旧料回收利用率高、节约成本等优势,在公路养护中得到了利用.以S49新扬高速为例,从适用条件、混合料设计、路用性能验证以及社会经济效益等方面,对就地冷再生技术进行系统研究,结果表明就地冷再生技术在高速公路养护工程中应用效果理想,可进行推广运用.     

地铁车辆定修工艺设计探讨

通过分析地铁车辆定修工艺设计现状及发展趋势,研究适用于定修向定检转化后的主要工艺流程和检修内容,提出定修工艺设计中房屋面积优化和设备配备的方法。工程实例表明,采用本方法可在满足车辆段功能需求的前提下,减小定修房屋面积与设备配备数量,降低工程投资。为地铁车辆段的定修工艺设计提供参考。     

半刚性基层沥青路面结构优化设计

文章在对沥青路面早期损坏原因进行分析的基础上，探讨了解决路面早期损坏的途径，提出了采用组合式基层的优化设计思路，并对组合式基层沥青路面结构进行了设计分析，认为组合式基层沥青路面是一种比较适合于重载交通的路面结构。     

Transit network design with allocation of green vehicles: A genetic algorithm approach

The use of fossil fuels in transportation generates harmful emissions that accounts for nearly half of the total pollutants in urban areas. Dealing with this issue, local authorities are dedicating specific efforts to seize the opportunity offered by new fuels and technological innovations in achieving a cleaner urban mobility. In fact, authorities are improving environmental performances of their public transport fleet by procuring cleaner vehicles, usually called low and zero emission vehicles (LEV and ZEV, respectively). Nevertheless there seems to be a lack of methodologies for supporting stakeholders in decisions related to the introduction of green vehicles, whose allocation should be performed since the network design process in order to optimize their available green capacity.In this paper, the problem of clean vehicle allocation in an existing public fleet is faced by introducing a method for solving the transit network design problem in a multimodal, demand elastic urban context dealing with the impacts deriving from transportation emissions.The solving procedure consists of a set of heuristics which includes a routine for route generation and a genetic algorithm for finding a sub-optimal set of routes with the associated frequencies.     

昆山市东城大道快速化改造工程总体设计

东城大道是昆山“双环-四联-八射”快速路系统外环中东环的重要组成部分,对其进行快速化改造须开展总体方案设计研究.以功能需求分析为依托、交通量分析为支撑,梳理了沿线重要节点及控制物,特别针对两处现状隧道控制条件,提出了两个总体设计方案,并对方案进行了论证与比选.最后综合考虑现状隧道、沿线高压铁塔及重要出行节点等控制因素,确定了总体方案和出入口布置,效果良好.     

海文跨海大桥设计关键技术

海文跨海大桥是中国首座跨越地震活动断层的跨海桥梁,主桥为独塔半飘浮体系斜拉桥,跨径布置为(230+230)m,跨断裂带引桥为57~60 m不等跨径的简支钢箱梁。针对项目强震、强风、强腐蚀等复杂建设条件,该桥主梁采用自重轻、抗风性能优、疲劳耐久的STC轻型组合扁平钢箱梁结构;桥塔采用承台无系梁的横向“人”字形塔、环向预应力锚固系统;通过与沉井方案比选,提出桥塔基础采用超大直径4.3 m的钢管复合桩,以解决强震作用下基础的受力与微风化花岗岩地质施工的难题;采用提出的钢-STC钢箱梁简支桥面连续构造、三维可调节的钢垫石支撑技术方案,以解决跨断裂带钢箱梁日常行车舒适性与强震下桥梁易修复的难题。开展钢箱梁简支桥面连续构造理论及荷载足尺模型试验、1∶20主桥振动台模型试验、抗风模型风洞试验等相关研究,验证了结构的可靠性及适应性。     

地铁车辆段综合管线设计研究

研究目的:综合管线设计是地铁车辆段设计的一大难点,也是地铁车辆设计成功与否的关键点之一。通常综合管线是在各专业完成施工图后才能正式开展工作,因此每次综合管线设计的工期都非常短。目前传统的综合管线设计思路及方法已不能满足设计需要,为了较好地解决综合管线设计周期短、质量要求高的难题,推出新的综合管线设计方法尤为迫切。研究结论:通过地面车辆段、双层车辆段综合管线设计的归纳总结,提出采用反推法设计综合管线。采用反推法设计综合管线,将缩短地铁车辆段综合管线设计周期50%,提高了设计质量的同时还提高了设计人员的综合素质。     

Incorporating Driver Behaviors in Network Design Problems: Challenges and Opportunities

The goal of a network design problem (NDP) is to make optimal decisions to achieve a certain objective such as minimizing total travel time or maximizing tolls collected in the network. A critical component to NDP is how travelers make their route choices. Researchers in transportation have adopted human decision theories to describe more accurate route choice behaviors. In this paper, we review the NDP with various route choice models: the random utility model (RUM), random regret-minimization (RRM) model, bounded rationality (BR), cumulative prospect theory (CPT), the fuzzy logic model (FLM) and dynamic learning models. Moreover, we identify challenges in applying behavioral route choice models to NDP and opportunities for future research.     

A mixed logit model for predicting exit choice during building evacuations

Knowledge on human behaviour in emergency is crucial to increase the safety of buildings and transportation systems. Decision making during evacuations implies different choices, of which one of the most important concerns is the escape route. The choice of a route may involve local decisions on alternative exits from an enclosed environment. This study investigates the effect of environmental (presence of smoke, emergency lighting and distance of exit) and social factors (interaction with evacuees close to the exits and with those near the decision-maker) on local exit choice. This goal is pursued using an online stated preference survey carried out making use of non-immersive virtual reality. A sample of 1503 participants is obtained and a mixed logit model is calibrated using these data. The model shows that the presence of smoke, emergency lighting, distance of exit, number of evacuees near the exits and the decision-maker and flow of evacuees through the exits significantly affect local exit choice. Moreover, the model indicates that decision making is affected by a high degree of behavioural uncertainty. Our findings support the improvement of evacuation models and the accuracy of their results, which can assist in designing and managing building and transportation systems. The main aim of this study is to enrich the understanding of how local exit choices are made and how behavioural uncertainty affects these choices.