村级河道水生态修复策略与技术措施研究——以闵行区浦锦街道为例

随着国家与公众对乡村生态环境的日益重视,如何对乡村河道进行有效修复成为当前的研究热点.现以闵行区浦锦街道为例,在对其水生态现状调研基础上,解析河道污染特征与污染物来源.并基于绿色生态修复的原则提出了在空间上通过生态缓冲区、河道及植物种植的方式构建河道生态系统的修复思路.进一步根据水体污染特性,制定了底质改良、紫外催化、沉水曝气、底部生物载体、生态浮岛、漂浮草垫、点源净化的内源污染防治技术措施.对比治理前后河道踏勘与水质检测结果显示:治理后河道水生态恢复较好、溶解氧浓度大幅提升、总磷得到了有效控制.后期可根据水体溶解氧浓度对曝气调控以促进对氨氮的去除效果.     

关于海船在内河航行资格的思考

文中阐述了海船在内河航行方面的规定,建议海事管理机构根据海船在内河航行时的几种情形开展针对性的监督检查,从源头上杜绝海船在内河非法航行,消除安全隐患,保障通航安全。     

Modelling nutrient fluxes from sub-arctic basins: Comparison of pristine vs. dammed rivers

The deterministic Riverstrahler model of river functioning is applied for the first time to sub-arctic catchments. Seasonal nutrient (N, P, Si) deliveries to the coastal zone are simulated, and nutrient annual fluxes are established for the nearly pristine river Kalix (hereafter called Kalixälven) and the heavily dammed river Lule, (hereafter called Luleälven) both located in Northern Sweden and draining into the Bothnian Bay, Baltic Sea.For Kalixälven simulations are performed with a runoff calculated from precipitation, evapo-transpiration and temperature data for the period 1990–1999, using a hydrological model calibrated on observed monthly discharges at the river outlet. The same hydrological parameters are used to calculate specific runoff for the Luleälven basin in absence of dam regulation. Reservoir filling and emptying are simulated using a simplified representation of their management rules. Diffuse sources of nutrient are evaluated according to land cover of the catchment. The simulated seasonal trends are within the range of the observed data, in particular for discharge, dissolved silica, total phosphorus, inorganic nitrogen and total organic carbon. Specific runoff is 50% higher in the Luleälven than in the Kalixälven watershed due to higher altitudes and precipitations. Average silica, nitrate and phosphorus concentrations are much lower in Luleälven than in Kalixälven. Comparison of model results for the Luleälven with and without dams shows a reduction of respectively 25% and 30% in silica and phosphorus fluxes delivered at the outlet, while nitrogen delivery is increased by 10% in the dammed vs. undammed river system. The model allows assessing the respective role of reservoir trapping of nutrient in the reservoir through algal uptake and sedimentation, and of changes in the vegetation induced by flooding the valley formerly covered by forests and wetlands.     

浙江港口区域化发展模式和策略

为了更好地发挥港口作用,推动区域经济发展,根据港口区域化发展理论,结合浙江港口发展现状,分析港口区域化发展的意义,在此基础上研究浙江港口区域化发展模式,进而重点研究浙江港口区域化发展的可行性策略.为此,基于现代供应链思想,提出了港腹融合、功能协作、基础设施整合和提升、营运一体化和信息化等五大发展策略,以大力促进浙江经济乃至整个长三角区域经济的发展.     

The relations between dry port characteristics and regional port-hinterland settings: findings for a global sample of dry ports

This paper aims at defining generic characteristics of dry ports by carrying out an analysis using a large sample of dry ports from around the world. The dataset includes details on 107 inland terminals worldwide. All dry ports in the database have been selected from studies in the extant literature before being shortlisted to fit our research scope. Data collected include terminologies used, actors driving the development, terminal throughput, total area, services provided and the relation with the corresponding seaport(s). Using statistical analysis, the paper examines how dry port parameters are influenced by (1) a different terminal set up, like sea-driven and land-driven development, developed and developing system, dry port functions; (2) specifications of the seaport with which the dry port is connected, i.e. seaport traffic, connectivity, utilization, etc. and (3) the transport leg linking dry ports and seaports. The findings could be applied to the planning and development of inland nodes from the perspectives of different stakeholders.     

拖带大型无动力船舶通过内河桥梁水域关键技术分析

通过对大型无动力拖带船队的运动特点,内河桥梁水域通航环境的特点以及大型船队操纵的复杂性进行分析,以拖带5.7万t级无动力海船通过南京长江大桥为例,对大型无动力船拖带船队的拖船配置、拖带方式、起拖时机、拖带演习、拖航期间的安全维护、拖带作业的注意事项和应急预案等关键技术进行分析.     

珠江三角洲3000t内河集装箱船最佳航线探讨

珠江三角洲是我国与世界重要的制造业基地,随着珠江三角洲经济的发展,近年来通过珠江三角洲内河运输的集装箱量有了很大的增长.在实地调研珠江三角洲港口、航道及船型的基础上,提出了从南沙至三水3000t集装箱船适宜的最佳航线,旨在为开发新船型作准备,以适应珠江三角洲集装箱运输的发展需要.     

内河航道定级与船舶大型化发展

随着我国经济的进一步发展和可持续发展战略的实施,运能大、占地面积小、能耗低、污染少的内河航运必将发挥出更大的作用。此外,内河船舶标准化、大型化的发展趋势日趋明显,小吨位船舶的运能及经济性劣势迫使其快速 淘汰,不少地区早年的航道定级已然不适应内河航运的发展需求。若城市的开发建设按不合理的航道定级标准进行规划控制,将极大地限制内河航运的发展,并对船舶的航行构成重大安全隐患。结合实际情况,探讨长三角地区内河航道定级调整的若干设想,并提出相关建议。     

混合型生态修复技术在内河航道岸坡防护中的应用

以1 km通榆河为试验地,分别实施5种方案:1)在塌陷处移栽植物(芦苇、茭白、杞柳);2)植物移栽+外侧防护(木、竹混合栅栏);3)植物移栽+外侧防护+回填泥土;4)芦苇种子播种+外侧防护+回填土;5)以坍塌的裸露岸坡为空白对照,探讨几种混合型生态修复方式在通榆河岸坡防护中的实际效果。结果表明,在通榆河岸坡移栽芦苇和茭白、扦插杞柳是可行的,但需要在移栽区域的外侧进行适当的机械防护。移栽植物后多种本土植物的大量迁入形成具有高覆盖度的次生群落。本研究中的几种方案都显著降低岸坡坍塌速度,其中,方案3效果最佳。与传统方式相比,这种有机械保护的岸坡生态防护方式具有很好的经济效益。     

信息化与内河航运物流发展

从内河航运、现代物流、信息化三方面明确了信息化与内河航运物流发展的定位,以基础设施、发展方向、应用程度、人才等为切入点,详细分析了目前内河航运物流信息化发展存在的问题。对未来内河航运物流信息化发展的主要趋势以及信息化建设的主要需求进行论述。基于以上分析,对我国内河航运物流信息化建设提出了可行的措施与要求。