预应力锚索抗滑桩结构在处治滑坡中的应用

文章结合鹰阳关-莲塘二级公路K54+800处滑坡采用预应力锚索结构施工实践,介绍了预应力锚索抗滑桩结构在滑坡处治中的注意事项及使用效果.     

An analysis of trends in passenger and freight transport energy consumption in India

This primary objective of this paper is to examine the causes for the change in energy consumption in the transport sector in India. The pattern of energy consumption and their causes for change are benchmarked against select countries. A mathematical model that decomposes changes in energy consumption to various factors has been used. The changes in the energy consumption are attributed to growth in transport volume, structural change or modal shift, and energy intensity. The analysis is conducted for passenger and freight transport separately. Results indicate that the growth in transport volume has been the main cause for increase in energy consumption for both passenger and freight transport in India despite the decline in energy intensity of various transport modes. Though not surprising for a growing economy like India, this poses a challenge for the future. Currently, India is a low carbon economy.     

韩江北桥主桥力学性能分析

应用大型有限元程序MIDAS/Civil,建立了韩江北桥主桥整体的空间有限元计算模型,根据钢管混凝土统一理论计算了各桥跨拱肋单元的截面特性,采用刚度、质量等效原则对复杂桥面板进行了简化模拟。依据桥梁设计规范要求对该桥梁成桥阶段的静力性能进行了详细计算。计算结果表明,当桥梁某跨上布置有汽车荷载时,其余各桥跨是否布置有汽车荷载,对该桥跨竖拱拱肋及桥面系横梁内力、变形结果影响较小。因此,在桥梁设计计算中,可大大减少作用效应组合的数量,在进行桥梁整体性能计算做作用效应最不利组合时,为简化设计计算,可仅考虑汽车荷载沿全桥各桥跨布置这一种典型情况参与组合即可计算得到足够精确的计算结果。本文计算结果已为韩江北桥主桥设计提供依据,并对同类桥梁结构设计也具有重要的参考价值。     

连续刚构箱梁桥的剪力滞效应分析

根据一座单箱三室连续刚构组合桥梁,考虑桩-土相互作用分别建立了变截面三维梁单元和三维实体、板壳单元组合两种有限元模型,分析了桥梁在均布荷载和集中荷载作用下的剪力滞效应,并讨论了两种计算模型对动力特性的影响。结果表明,在均布荷载与集中荷载作用下箱梁的剪力滞效应明显不同,对于地震时程反应分析而言,采用变截面三维梁单元模型计算效率较高。所得的分析结果对指导这类桥梁的设计具有重要的工程实用价值。     

上海外环西段交通拥堵症结分析及其改善措施探讨

基于路网结构和交通需求数据,对外环西段拥挤症结进行宏观层面的分析,然后通过局部交通节点和交通管理两个层面进一步阐述拥堵原因,并提出了相应工程性和管理性的改善对策。     

交通基础设施建设投资对国民经济拉动作用的定量分析

运用投入产出模型定量分析了公路交通基础设施建设投资对国民经济的拉动作用。拉动作用主要表现为公路建设投资所产生的直接、间接和诱导经济效益,其总和为公路建设投资的乘数效应,可分别用产出乘数、GDP乘数和就业乘数来测算。分析测算了我国近年来公路建设投资对国民经济的拉动作用。估算结果表明,(1)公路建筑业对其他部门的波及影响程度大于各部门的平均影响水平;(2)拉动作用在1998年最为显著,自1999年开始,公路投资拉动经济增长的百分比呈逐年上升的趋势。     

Analysing Demand for Suburban Trips: A Mixed RP/SP Model with Latent Variables and Interaction Effects

We analyse mode choice behaviour for suburban trips in the Grand Canary island using mixed revealed preference (RP)/stated preference (SP) information. The SP choice experiment allowed for interactions among the main policy variables: travel cost, travel time and frequency, and also to test the influence of latent variables such as comfort. It also led to discuss additional requirements on the size and sign of the estimated model parameters, to assess model quality when interactions are present. The RP survey produced data on actual trip behaviour and was used to adapt the SP choice experiment. During the specification searches we detected the presence of income effect and were able to derive willingness-to-pay measures, such as the subjective value of time, which varied among individuals. We also studied the systematic heterogeneity in individual tastes through the specification of models allowing for interactions between level-of-service and socio-economic variables. We concluded examining the sensitivity of travellers’ behaviour to various policy scenarios. In particular, it seems that contrary to political opinion, in a crowded island policies penalising the use of the private car seem to have a far greater impact in terms of bus patronage than policies implying direct improvements to the public transport service.     

Direction dependent prices in public transport: A good idea? The back haul pricing problem for a monopolistic public transport firm

Markets for transport are often characterised by unequal demand in both directions: every morning during peak hours the trains are crowded while moving towards the direction of large cities, whereas they may be almost empty in the other direction. In this paper we discuss the implications of these imbalances for price setting of transport firms. From the viewpoint of economic theory, two regimes can be distinguished: one where – owing to price discrimination – the flows are equal, and one where unequal flows are the result. Special attention is paid to the case where the transport firm does not apply price discrimination, as is the case with most railway firms in Europe. We find that in the case of substantial joint costs, the introduction of price discrimination not only leads to an increase of profits, but also to positive effects on consumer surplus. This result differs from the standard result in the literature on industrial economics. The standard result purports that with linear demand functions price discrimination has a negative impact on the welfare of the average consumer and that this negative impact dominates the positive effect on profits of the producer.     

Vicious or virtuous circles? Exploring the vulnerability of drivers to break low urban speed limits

Levels of support for 20 mph limits in Great Britain are consistently high. However, these positive attitudes are not translating into similarly positive behaviour changes in terms of complying with these new speed limits. Recent research from the authors studied the complex relationship between support and compliance, with qualitative findings suggesting that copycat driving could create a ‘vicious circle effect’ that leads to increased levels of non-compliance. However it is also possible that an alternative ‘virtuous circle’ effect may emerge from the high levels of societal support for 20 mph limits pressurising drivers to comply with speed limits. In this work the authors investigated these issues and we report on data and analysis of a large scale survey of drivers and residents undertaken in Great Britain. We explain the origins of vicious and virtuous circles in driver behaviour and study the data from the survey, offering an analysis of attitudes and claimed behaviours that has implications for policy-makers and professionals working with low urban speed limits. We discuss the issues for speed limit enforcement, making reference to the public relations ‘battle’ for public opinion. It is concluded that normative compliance, triggered by community and other campaigning, may be the most realistic mechanism for countering the difficulties of government funding in promoting compliance.     

水声干扰设备作战使用效能评估

随着侦察探测和制导装备的发展,来自水下的威胁日益增大,舰(潜)艇利用水声对抗器材可以有效提高我海军舰(潜)艇的作战效能.阐述了漂浮式和自航式水声干扰器材对敌水声系统和设备实施干扰的方法,并分析了其作战使用效能,对舰(潜)艇水声干扰器材的使用具有较大现实意义.