Dynamite Fishing in a Marine Protected Area in Tanzania: Why Youth Perceptions Matter

Young men in coastal Tanzania are often blamed for damaging marine habitats by engaging in unsustainable and destructive fishing practices, including dynamite fishing, but their perceptions have not been sufficiently documented. While marine scientists, international environmental NGOs, and activists have called attention to the destructive fishing practices’ devastating impacts, insights into the contextual factors that motivate those who engage in dynamite fishing are limited. Additionally, risk perceptions and concerns regarding the environmental impact and dangers of dynamite fishing among the youth are also understudied. This paper provides ethnographic insights into the historical and contextual factors underlying dynamite fishing in rural coastal Mtwara. It draws on ethnographic data gathered through participant observation, focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with residents from two neighboring coastal villages – one located inside a marine protected area (MPA), and another located outside the MPA’s boundary. The paper first examines the views of elderly men and women to provide the historical context of dynamite fishing in coastal Mtwara. It then juxtaposes youth perceptions regarding marine conservation and dynamite fishing in the two villages, vis-à-vis ongoing efforts to curb destructive fishing practices and to enhance marine biodiversity and ecotourism in the region. Results of the study reveal that unresolved tensions between the MPA authorities and local fishers surrounding enforcement practices and unfulfilled gear-exchange-related promises, and allegations of poor governance, are important contextual factors in the persistence of dynamite fishing. The paper concludes by articulating possible remedial measures to mitigate the tensions between youth concerns about their livelihoods, and the goals of marine biodiversity conservation as a way forward in preventing dynamite fishing.     

一种无底坑、无顶层高度的船用升降机实现方法

船用环境下,由于升降机的井道空间(包括底坑深度、顶层高度)资源紧张,导致物流输送任务路径受限制。为了提高井道空间利用率,可采用直线电动机强制驱动,并通过分段提升的方式,实现井道无底坑、无顶层高度的布置需求。文章分析了无底坑、无顶层高度的船用升降机的需求,介绍了实现方法和关键技术,并制造原理样机加以验证。     

舰船静电场防护技术发展综述

静电场防护已经成为当今舰船科学领域的一项重大课题,直接影响舰船在作战时的隐身性能。本文重点介绍舰船静电场产生的原因及其现状,分析影响舰船静电场的主要因素,给出了降低舰船静电场的方法,并论述目前针对舰船静电场防护的研究进展。主要从舰船自身的设计工艺、舰船的牺牲阳极阴极保护优化、外加电流阴极保护技术优化、外加补偿电流法等方面出发,探讨对舰船静电场防护的方法,最终得出外加补偿电流法是对舰船静电场防护效果最好的结论。     

地铁车站与商业连接型式及接口防火设计

地铁与周边商业连接有很好的客流吸引作用,然而地铁是人员密集场所,商业尤其是地下商业火灾危险性较高,若不处理好接口的防火设计,一旦发生火灾,将产生灾难性后果。文章根据规范,参考相关图集并结合实际工程案例,对地铁车站与商业连接型式及接口防火设计进行系统阐述与分析,以期为后续的类似工程设计提供参考。     

公路隧道消防问题浅析

国内近年发生多起公路隧道火灾事故,造成了巨大的人员伤亡和经济损失,我国公路隧道运营安全工作仍面临着较大压力和挑战。当前公路隧道消防系统存在诸多不足,主要表现为缺少技术规范、理论指导,消防设施较少考虑水源情况,消防工程建设的全程监管不到位,运营管理制度不健全。文章对公路隧道消防系统存在的主要问题进行分析,并提出相应的措施。     

船用开关电源的研究与设计

针对船舶环境,对元器件进行严格选型,专门设计了此款开关电源。测试结果表明,它的优势包括输出电压的调节范围大、干扰纹波小以及电能变换效率高。此外,当输出电流过大时,能够自动把输出电压拉低,自动进行过流保护。当过流状态消失时,电源能够自动恢复到正常供电状态。     

基于节能环保理念的公路设计方法探讨

随着近些年来公路建设的大力推进,交通运输行业得到了空前巨大的发展,但是伴随着这种发展,一些环境问题也在逐步的凸显,如生态破坏、大气污染、以及水污染等,环境问题日益严重。在当前国家大力倡导环保节能的背景下,整个社会对于节能环保问题越来越重视,因此在进行公路设计时,如何将节能环保理念进行融会贯通是现阶段所需要重视的一个问题。     

道路桥梁建设中绿色施工技术的应用研究

随着可持续发展战略提出,对建筑工程施工提出更高的要求,绿色施工技术在道路桥梁建设中应用较多,在减少环境污染以及保护环境方面做出突出贡献。本文针对于绿色施工技术在道路桥梁建设中应用意义展开分析,随后探讨了绿色施工技术在道路桥梁建设中应用要点,最后探讨了加强绿色施工技术在道路桥梁建设中应用措施。     

Overview: Research on hydroelastic responses of VLFS in complex environments

In the past several decades, extensive investigations have been carried out on the hydroelastic responses of Very Large Floating Structures (VLFS) in the deep open sea by researchers around the world. However, when tackling the hydroelastic problems of VLFS used as the protection and exploitation of marine resources near offshore and islands, the effects of complex environments, such as the seabed profile and inhomogeneous wave conditions should be taken into account. Based on the development history of VLFS and the process of classical hydroelasticity of VLFS, the research results of hydroelastic responses of VLFS in complex environments have been systematically summarized in this paper, so as to provide a basis for the further research.     

钢支撑轴力伺服系统在车站深基坑支护的应用

深圳地铁12号线和平站下穿穗莞深城际高速铁路桥梁,地处填海区软弱淤泥地层,为减少地铁车站深基坑施工对城际铁路桥梁结构的影响,采取对桥梁基础进行隔离桩保护、支护结构加强等辅助措施,并利用钢支撑轴力伺服系统实时控制地铁基坑变形。目前地铁主体工程已完成,结果表明,在采取以上措施后,满足车站基坑施工与高架桥变形的安全性要求。