Improving maritime inventory routing: application to a Brazilian petroleum case

The crude oil offloading and supply problem (COSP) is a type of operation maritime inventory routing (MIR) problem encountered by petroleum companies. In COSP, the company not only is responsible for the ship scheduling to carry the crude oil from production sites to discharge ports but also must maintain inventory levels at both ports (production and consumption) between safety operational bounds to avoid disruptions in its crude oil production and/or refining processes. We show how to improve significantly the decision-making process in a Brazilian petroleum company using a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model to represent COSP. Comparison tests with a current ship-scheduling method adopted in the company indicated that the use of the MILP model increased the transportation efficiency and reduced costs by 20% on average. In addition to the quantitative gains, the use of a MILP model to solve COSP has succeeded when encountering real-life events, such as variation in production or consumption rates, berth unavailability, and changes in the storage capacities at ports.     

一种特殊工况下的船闸施工工艺介绍

以上海赵家沟船闸工程为例,提出不同于传统的新型船闸施工工艺流程。将深基坑支护施工技术与船闸施工技术有机结合,并采取若干工艺改进。新工艺解决了在城市环境下特殊工况船闸施工的难题。     

厦漳大桥北汊主桥通航孔通航能力分析

厦漳大桥北汊主桥通航孔的通航能力与其上游及桥区附近的码头建设规模密切相关.以调研数据为基础,分析北汊主桥通航孔的特点及碍航性,提出通航净空高度是制约其通航能力的主要因素,通过实船数据的统计分析,论证北汊主桥通航孔的通航能力.其结论对该桥区通航安全管理及桥区上游和附近码头建设规模的确定具有参考价值.     

沥青路面基层与面层局部粘结失效的受力分析

采用ANSYS通用计算软件,考虑不同的粘结状态,对沥青路面基层和面层间局部粘结状态变化时,各层底面的最大主应力和最大剪应力的变化情况进行计算。结果表明:当车轮荷载作用在粘结状态变化区域时,上面层和下面层底面的最大主拉应力随粘结的失效显著增加,中面层底面的最大主拉应力和各层底面的最大剪应力受粘结状态变化的影响较小;当车轮荷载作用在粘结状态完好区域边缘时,各面层底面将产生较大的剪应力,但最大剪应力受粘结状态变化的影响较小。     

Evaluating the effects of bus design on passenger flow: Is agent-based simulation a feasible approach?

In this paper, we propose an agent-based simulation approach that is capable of simulating the flow of passengers on board buses and at bus stops. The intention is that it will be applied during vehicle development to analyze how vehicle design affects passenger flow, and thus also how it affects system performance such as dwell time. In turn, this could aid the developers in making design decisions early in the development process. Besides introducing the simulation tool itself, the paper explores the realism of the data generated by the tool. A number of passenger flow experiments featuring a full-scale bus mockup and 50 participants were carried out. The setup of these experiments mirrored a number of ‘bus journeys’ (regarding vehicle design, number of passengers boarding/alighting at each stop and so on) that had previously been simulated using the simulation tool. When the data from the simulations were compared with the data from the passenger flow experiments, it could be concluded that the tool is indeed able to generate realistic passenger flows, although with some errors when a large number of passengers board/alight. The simulated dwell times were rationally affected by the tested bus layout aspects. It was concluded that the tool makes it possible to evaluate how variations in bus layouts affect passenger flow, providing data of sufficiently high quality to be useful in early phases of vehicle design.     

信号采样理论在交通流检测点布设中的应用

在对交通流检测点布设领域研究应用现状进行分析与抽象的基础上,提出交通流检测点布设本质上属于空间交通流信号采样问题。依据信号采样理论,建立了确定检测点间距或密度的方法与流程,该流程包括空间交通流信号产生、离散傅里叶变换、频谱分析、间距确定、误差分析5个步骤。对高速公路拥挤状态下的仿真分析表明:100 m的检测点间距可以满足对拥挤交通流状态的真实检测,该数值接近于实际应用中的最小值(125 m),说明该理论方法具有较好的实用性。     

基于分层壳元法多梁式T梁的极限承载力评估

基于分层壳元法,对钢筋混凝土多梁式T梁的极限承载力问题进行了研究。建立实体退化壳元模型后,推导了壳元位移场,用分层壳元模拟了多梁式T梁。基于Owen理论考虑了混凝土的材料非线性,并基于V.Karman假设考虑了结构的几何非线性。通过多梁式T梁实例分析,结果表明,应用分层壳元法能正确地进行多梁式T梁的非线性分析,能有效地评估结构的极限承载力,且支承形式对多梁式T梁的极限承载力有很大影响,研究表明应选择修正的铰支-弹性支承形式。     

基于Q学习的Agent在单路口交通控制中的应用

将Agent技术与Q学习算法相结合,应用到城市交通控制领域中,对单交叉口的交通流进行了控制研究,介绍了路口Agent的结构模型以及基于Q学习算法的学习机制的实现,提出了一种适用于交通控制的奖惩函数。即当红灯相位的饱和度大于绿灯相位的饱和度时,红灯相位的相对警界度在奖惩函数中占主导地位,此时大部分情况下会对Agent进行惩罚;在以后的决策过程中面对类似的交通状态Agent所选择的控制行为更倾向于将通行权切换给下一个相位,反之,Agent所选择的行为倾向于保持当前相位的通行权到下一决策时刻。并通过微观交通仿真软件Paramics对控制算法进行仿真研究,仿真结果表明该方法的控制效果优于定时控制,同时验证了奖惩函数的有效性。