喷撒颗粒的增粘机理研究

本文建立了向轮轨接触间喷撒颗粒时的摩擦模型，并将此摩擦模型应用于修正的轮轨粘着理论中，对喷撒颗粒的增粘机理进行了理论研究。从理论计算结果可以看出，向轮轨接触间喷撒颗粒的增粘效果是非常明显的，且增粘效果和轮轨的表面状态、颗粒的质量和进入轮轨接触面间的颗粒数量有关。     

弹性接触问题的位移-力法有限元解法研究

本文根据接触状态下的有限元基本方程,通过对定解条件、约束条件的分析应用,得出了仅与接触点有关的定解方程。 运用所编制的电算程序对某柴油机副连杆销及孔在最大载荷下的失圆变形进行了计算。通过采用空心及实心销两种简化模型计算得出了实际副连杆销的失圆变形范围。     

Experimental and numerical investigation on the derailment of a railway wheelset with solid axle

This paper presents the results of an experimental and numerical investigation on the derailment of a railway wheelset with solid axle. Tests were carried out under quasi-steady-state conditions, on a full-scale roller rig, and allowed to point out the effect of different parameters like the wheelset's angle of attack and the ratio between the vertical loads acting on the flanging and non-flanging wheels. On the basis of the test results, some existing derailment criteria are analysed in this paper and two new criteria are proposed. A model of wheel–rail contact is proposed for the mathematical modelling of the flange climb process, and numerical vs. experimental comparisons are used to obtain model validation.     

Normal and shear forces in the contact patch of a braked racing tyre. Part 1: results from a finite-element model

In this first part of a two-part article, a previously described and validated finite-element model of a racing-car tyre is developed further to yield detailed information on carcass deflections and contact pressure and shear stress distributions for a steady rolling, slipping, and cambered tyre. Variations in running conditions simulated include loads of 1500, 3000 and 4500 N, camber angles of 0° and ?3°, and longitudinal slips from 0% to?20%. Special attention is paid to heavy braking, in which context the aligning moment is of great interest. Results generated are in broad agreement with limited experimental results from the literature and they provide considerable insight into how the tyre deforms and how the contact stresses are distributed as functions of the running conditions. Generally, each rib of the tyre behaves differently from the others, especially when the wheel is cambered. The results form a basis for the development of a simpler physical tyre model, the purpose of which is to retain accuracy over the full operating range while demanding much less computational resource. The physical tyre model is the topic of the second part of the article.     

基于接触非线性的自翻车FEA实现

基于FEA(Finite Element Analysis)接触非线性,利用ANSYS软件实现了改进的新型自翻车车体非线性静强度分析,突破了国内外因自翻车模型庞大,结构复杂,接触边界条件繁多而带来的有限元非线性分析的困难.分析过程中充分考虑了自翻车体倾翻机构、八字面挡铁、活动卸货门等关键构件间特有的接触情况,更切实际地模拟了倾翻机构的工作状态,减小了仿真分析的误差.细述了自动倾翻车体结构建模过程中接触部件间的细节处理.通过接触非线性分析计算,得到了关键位置的应力分布情况,车体结构静强度与刚度均满足设计要求.     

城市轨道交通接触轨供电分段方式的探讨

接触轨按照供电系统的要求在正线和车辆段均设有电分段,本文通过对接触轨供电分段的常用设置方式中普遍存在的问题进行分析,并结合车辆运行和车辆段其他工种运营维护的实际需要提出合理设置接触轨供电分段的建议.     

复合材料螺栓连接结构数值模拟研究

在实际工程中,复合材料结构连接方式常采用机械连接形式(螺栓或铆钉)来连结复合材料构件和金属构件,而其中尤以螺栓连接更为常见.如何运用有限元软件模拟螺栓连接结构是仿真计算的关键.本文采用ANSYS软件,建立了复合材料螺栓连接结构的三维有限元模型,采用不同的边界处理方法对该结构进行数值模拟,得到复合材料螺栓孔处的载荷,并将数值计算结果与试验数据比较,探求出了该结构螺栓孔处载荷数值模拟方法.采用接触+耦合的边界处理方式不仅能较准确的模拟复合材料螺栓连接结构,而且计算时间远小于完全采用接触时的计算时间,大大提高了工作效率.     

Multibody dynamics modelling of the freight train bogie system

Previous work in the railway technology laboratory at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech) focused on better capturing the dynamics of the friction wedge, modelled using three-dimensional rigid body dynamics with unilateral contact conditions. The current study extends the previous work to a half-bogie model treated as an application of multibody dynamics with unilateral contact to model the friction wedge interactions with the bolster and the sideframe. The half-bogie model was derived using MATLAB and functions as a three dimensional, dynamic, and multibody dynamics model comprised of four rigid bodies: a bolster, two friction wedges, and a sideframe assembly. This expanded model allows each wedge four degrees of freedom: vertical displacement, longitudinal displacement (between the bolster and sideframe), pitch (rotation around the lateral axis), and yaw (rotation around the vertical axis). The bolster and the sideframe are constrained to have only the vertical degree of freedom. The geometry of these bodies can be adjusted for various simulation scenarios. The bolster can be initialised with a pre-defined yaw (rotation around the vertical axis) and the sideframe may be initialised with a pre-defined pitch/toe (rotation around the lateral axis). The results of the multibody dynamics in half-bogie model simulation are shown in comparison with results from NUCARS^®, an industry standard in train-modelling software, for similar inputs.     

Simulation of dynamic interaction between train and railway turnout

Dynamic train–track interaction is more complex in railway turnouts (switches and crossings) than that in ordinary tangent or curved tracks. Multiple contacts between wheel and rail are common, and severe impact loads with broad frequency contents are induced, when nominal wheel–rail contact conditions are disturbed because of the continuous variation in rail profiles and the discontinuities in the crossing panel. The absence of transition curves at the entry and exit of the turnout, and the cant deficiency, leads to large wheel–rail contact forces and passenger discomfort when the train is switching into the turnout track. Two alternative multibody system (MBS) models of dynamic interaction between train and a standard turnout design are developed. The first model is derived using a commercial MBS software. The second model is based on a multibody dynamics formulation, which may account for the structural flexibility of train and track components (based on finite element models and coordinate reduction methods). The variation in rail profile is accounted for by sampling the cross-section of each rail at several positions along the turnout. Contact between the back of the wheel flange and the check rail, when the wheelset is steered through the crossing, is considered. Good agreement in results from the two models is observed when the track model is taken as rigid.     

Mathematical modelling of train–turnout interaction

The paper proposes a mathematical model of train–turnout interaction in the mid-frequency range (0–500 Hz). The model accounts for the effects of rail profile variation along the track and of local variation of track flexibility. The proposed approach is able to represent the condition of one wheel being simultaneously in contact with more than one rail, allowing the accurate prediction of the effect of wheels being transferred from one rail to another when passing over the switch toe and the crossing nose. Comprehensive results of train–turnout interaction during the negotiation of the main and the branch lines are presented, including the effect of wear of wheel/rail profiles and presence of track misalignment. In the final part of the paper, comparisons are performed between the results of numerical simulations and line measurements performed on two different turnouts for urban railway lines, showing a good agreement between experimental and numerical results.