论海上平台的防污染管理

通过对海上石油平台防污染管理的相关国际公约、国内法规的梳理,分析了国际公约和国内法规的异同点,并结合管理现状提出了建议。     

Phase change analysis of an underwater glider propelled by the ocean's thermal energy

The phase change characteristic of the power source of an underwater glider propelled by the ocean's thermal energy is the key factor in glider attitude control. A numerical model has been established based on the enthalpy method to analyze the phase change heat transfer process under convective boundary conditions. Phase change is not an isothermal process,but one that occurs at a range of temperature. The total melting time of the material is very sensitive to the surrounding temperature. When the temperature of the surroundings decreases 8 degrees,the total melting time increases 1.8 times. But variations in surrounding temperature have little effect on the initial temperature of phase change,and the slope of the temperature time history curve remains the same. However,the temperature at which phase change is completed decreases significantly. Our research shows that the phase change process is also affected by container size,boundary conditions,and the power source's cross sectional area. Materials stored in 3 cylindrical containers with a diameter of 38mm needed the shortest phase change time. Our conclusions should be helpful in effective design of underwater glider power systems.     

Casualty analysis of large tankers

This article presents detailed results of a comprehensive analysis of recorded accidents of large oil tankers (deadweight greater than 80 000 tonnes) occurring between 1978 and 2003. The analysis encompasses a thorough review of available raw accident data and their postprocessing in a way to produce appropriate statistics useful for the implementation of risk-based assessment methodologies. The processing of the captured data led to the identification of significant qualitative historical trends of tanker accidents and of quantitative characteristics of large tanker accidents, such as overall accident rates per ship-year. Data were also analyzed for all major accident categories separately, taking into account tanker ship size/type, the degree of accident severity, and the oil spill tonne rates per ship-year; this led to the identification of heavily polluted worldwide geographical areas as a result of large tanker accidents.     

Phase change analysis of an underwater glider propelled by the ocean＇s thermal energy

The phase change characteristic of the power source of an underwater glider propelled by the ocean＇s thermal energy is the key factor in glider attitude control. A numerical model has been established based on the enthalpy method to analyze the phase change heat transfer process under convective boundary conditions. Phase change is not an isothermal process, but one that occurs at a range of temperature. The total melting time of the material is very sensitive to the surrounding temperature. When the temperature of the surroundings decreases 8 degrees, the total melting time increases 1.8 times. But variations in surrounding temperature have little effect on the initial temperature of phase change, and the slope of the temperature time history curve remains the same. However, the temperature at which phase change is completed decreases significantly. Our research shows that the phase change process is also affected by container size, boundary conditions, and the power source＇s cross sectional area. Materials stored in 3 cylindrical containers with a diameter of 38ram needed the shortest phase change time. Our conclusions should be helpful in effective design of underwater glider power systems.     

河流突发性污染事故风险评价方法的探讨

通过危险源和环境因素两个方面进行河流突发性污染事故风险评价,引入加权危险河段长度和河段危害权重两个概念论述危险源风险评价,给出能够反映各河段重要性的新的危险源风险评价方法。评价了流速、降水、地形等自然环境因素对突发性水污染事故发展的影响,提出了环境因素定性评价方法。     

重油燃烧废气污染治理的研究

重油燃烧产生大气污染。针对重油燃烧的机理分析污染原因，并在生产现场进行试验和监测，提出控制烟气污染的有效途径。结果表明排烟黑度在３～５ｍｉｎ降到林格曼１级以下，正常燃烧过程中排烟黑度均达到排放标准。     

绝缘子污秽度在线监测的研究

本文介绍了一种通过测量脉冲式泄漏电流的频度和幅值来进行绝缘子污秽度在线监测的方法,提出了有源、无源两种解决方案,并阐述了运行使用中出现和应注意的问题。     

海岸港口工程海洋生态环境监测与指标优化

根据近些年来实际监测工作情况,阐述海岸港口工程海洋生态监测内容与指标优化等情况,为我国其他海岸港口工程监测提供可借鉴的经验。     

船舶压载水污染的控制和管理

压载水对现代船舶的安全航行是绝对必要的，但它对生态、经济和人类健康构成了严重威胁，排放船舶压载水被全球环境基金组织确认为危害海洋的四大威胁之一.为防止压载水带来的生物污染，除了在深海更换压载水外，IMO还提出了将来可能采用的一些方法，分析不同处理方法的经济性。     

Modeling NOx and NO2 emissions from mobile sources: A case study for Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

This study characterizes the dispersion of emissions of oxides of nitrogen and nitrogen dioxide from traffic sources in the Hamilton census metropolitan area. The Integrated Model of Urban Landuse and Transportation for Environmental Analysis software was used to estimate emissions of oxides of nitrogen from traffic sources. The Air Pollution Model, was used to simulate dispersion of the traffic emissions over the city. The models account for the two primary wind directions in this region – the prevailing southwest and a secondary northeast direction. The results show a prominent triangle of high pollution defined by major roads and highways along the periphery of the Hamilton Harbour, at peak-hour. With southwest winds, residential areas along the northern shoreline of the Harbour are affected, while the western sections of the city are affected by northeast winds. High concentrations are persistent in some areas, for both wind directions. The resulting dispersion surfaces characterize the spatial distribution of traffic emissions and thus provide a means of assessing population exposure over the Hamilton area.