典型航线船舶排放清单及排放特征研究

文章分析了我国典型航线典型船舶排放特征,以船舶自动识别系统数据为基础,收集整理所选研究船舶排放参数,结合船舶实际航行资料,采用动力法估算了秦皇岛港—广州港航线某散货船一个航行周期的排放清单,并分析了靠港、停泊、港内机动、巡航4个船舶状态下的排放特征,绘制了2 km×2 km分辨率的空间排放特征图。结果表明,该典型航线上典型散货船舶一个航行周期排放的SOx、NOx、PM10、PM2.5总量分别为18.88吨、30.87吨、1.85吨和1.69吨。排放源分析表明从在船舶的主机、辅机和锅炉3种排放源中,主机是主要排放源。航行状态上巡航工况排放量最大;船舶排放污染物的空间分析表明,船舶在进出港口区域是污染物排放最密集的区域。     

Detection of nonlinearity effects in structural integrity monitoring methods for offshore jacket-type structures based on principal component analysis

The detection of changes in the dynamic behavior of structures is an important issue in structural safety assessment. The development of detection methods assumes greater significance in the case of offshore platforms because the inherent problems are compounded by the harsh environment. Here, we describe an instrumented physical model for the structural health monitoring of an offshore jacket-type structure and the results of tests in several different damage scenarios. In a comparative investigation of two different methods, we discuss the difficulties of implementing damage detection techniques for complex structures, such as offshore platforms. The combined algorithm of a fuzzy logic system and a model updating method are briefly discussed, and a method based on stochastic autoregressive moving average with exogenous input is adopted for the structure. The consideration of uncertainties and the effects of nonlinearity were major objectives. So, the methods were also investigated based on the test scenarios consisting of the physical model with a geometric nonlinearity. The principal component analysis method was utilized for the detection of nonlinearity in the recorded data. The results show that the developed methods are suitable for damage classification, but the quality of the acquired signals must be considered an important factor influencing successful classification. The development of these methods may be extremely useful, as such technologies could be applied for offshore platforms in service, enabling damage detection with fewer false alarms.     

Plate scanning tools to obtain travel times in traffic networks

The management of vehicle travel times has been shown to be fundamental to traffic network analysis. To collect travel time measurement, some methods focus solely on isolated links or highway segments, and where two measurement points, at the beginning and at the end of a section, are deemed sufficient to evaluate users' travel time. However, in many cases, transport studies involve networks in which the problem is more complex. This article takes advantage of the plate scanning technique to propose an algorithm that minimizes the required number of registering devices and their location in order to identify vehicles candidates to compute the travel times of a given set of routes (or subroutes). The merits of the proposed method are explained using simple examples and are illustrated by its application to the real network of Ciudad Real.     

基于灰色理论的雪山梁隧道施工过程渗漏水水源识别研究

为了解决黄龙景区雪山梁隧道开挖过程中的涌水水源识别问题,结合黄龙景区雪山梁隧道的相关施工资料,依据已有的地质资料和涌突水预测,通过水分析化学实验,采用灰色理论计算方法研究不同水系之间的关联度;而后针对单一水源和混合水源分别进行试验和分析,得出雪山梁隧道出口段内渗漏水来源最可能为大气降水,关联度较高的还有淘金沟上游水系和隧道出口处水系;最后进行比对,得出隧道渗漏水主要来源是大气降水和淘金沟上游水体的结论,并依据现场资料及实地踏勘,验证了灰色理论分析结果的可靠性。     

基于小波和粒子群算法的HEV行驶状况辨识方法研究

针对混合动力汽车(HEV)行驶状况(道路坡度和整车载荷)变化难以有效识别,导致驱动系统控制策略不能有效满足驾驶员意图问题,以混联式HEV为研究对象,提出了基于小波滤波和粒子群算法的HEV行驶状况辨识方法。首先建立了汽车行驶状况辨识模型,采用最小二乘法确立了优化目标函数,其次研究了基于小波滤波和粒子群算法的HEV行驶状况辨识原理,最后进行了行驶状况粒子群智能算法辨识试验。在采集实车数据的基础上,对实车数据进行小波滤波,并运用行驶状况辨识方法对道路坡度和整车载荷进行了辨识,并对辨识结果进行小波滤波,结果表明,试验工况下整车载荷辨识的相对误差绝对平均值为2.71%,道路坡度辨识的相对误差绝对平均值为3.85%,验证了所提出方法的有效性。     

射频识别技术在物流工程中的应用研究

简要介绍了射频识别技术的工作原理和优点,综述了射频识别技术在国内各个领域的主要应用,最后指出了当前射频识别技术所存在的主要问题。     

自行车流视频识别判断方法研究

考虑算法的实时性,交通流个体识别往往采用轮廓特征来描述。由于自行车与行人的很多轮廓特征值相近,在复杂城市交通环境中,从慢行交通流中准确地识别出自行车是目前采用视频检测交通流的难点之一。通过现场视频检测获取足够的样本外轮廓数据,分析检测目标轮廓的高、宽、高宽比、面积等典型轮廓特征,发现目标轮廓高宽比特征能较好地识别出行人、自行车等慢行交通,并给出合适的取值范围。研究表明自行车高宽比能够较好地成为视频识别的依据,为自行车视频识别提供数据。     

基于参数化船型的阻力优化研究

船型几何模型的参数化表达,是船型多学科设计优化的基础。其作用是为各学科分析和优化提供一个统一的几何模型,并根据各学科分析结果自动修改调整船体型线。文中尝试使用Friendship进行船体完全参数化建模,并使用该软件中的feature编程功能编程实现shipflow型值数据的提取;通过改变一系列重要的船型参数实现变换船型几何模型,以获得满足性能需求的船型。最后利用该软件的优化框架,采用切线搜索法 (Tangent Search, TSearch) 完成1300TEU集装箱船的兴波阻力优化,优化球首和前体船体曲面。结果表明,该参数化方法在改进船型水动力性能方面有很好的效果。     

激光焊接夹层板结构设计程序开发

基于U-I型、U-IV型、V-I型、V-IV型4种夹层板结构形式,利用PCL(Patran Command Language)语言对MSC.Patran进行二次开发,设计开发出折叠式夹层板结构设计程序(FEA-LASCOR)。该程序仅需设计者在用户界面简单操作即能够实现夹层板板格快速建模、屈服强度分析、结果处理等功能。验算分析表明FEALASCOR程序具有与传统数值仿真分析一样的精度,并缩短了繁琐的建模工作,显著提高设计分析效率,为夹层板船体结构设计高效、快捷的分析工具。     

一种螺旋桨参数化建模方法

对螺旋桨进行优化时,需要建立起优化计算的样本空间,即要实现初始桨的参数化建模。本文基于贝塞尔曲线拟合原理编程实现了螺旋桨的参数化建模,对螺旋桨的径向参数分布分别用一条贝塞尔曲线进行拟合,曲线的控制点通过遗传算法寻优求得。文中以4382桨为例,对其进行参数化建模,讨论了三、四、五、六阶贝塞尔曲线的拟合效果,发现三阶贝塞尔曲线拟合光顺性最好、拟合平均误差可以控制在0.3%以内,而且控制点个数较少,最适合拟合螺旋桨径向参数分布。最后通过调整三次贝塞尔曲线控制点的位置调整了原桨叶的几何形状,得到光顺性较好的新桨叶模型,表明该参数化建模方法合理。