A robust optimization approach for dynamic traffic signal control with emission considerations

We consider an analytical signal control problem on a signalized network whose traffic flow dynamic is described by the Lighthill–Whitham–Richards (LWR) model (Lighthill and Whitham, 1955; Richards, 1956). This problem explicitly addresses traffic-derived emissions as constraints or objectives. We seek to tackle this problem using a mixed integer mathematical programming approach. Such class of problems, which we call LWR-Emission (LWR-E), has been analyzed before to certain extent. Since mixed integer programs are practically efficient to solve in many cases (Bertsimas et al., 2011b), the mere fact of having integer variables is not the most significant challenge to solving LWR-E problems; rather, it is the presence of the potentially nonlinear and nonconvex emission-related constraints/objectives that render the program computationally expensive.To address this computational challenge, we proposed a novel reformulation of the LWR-E problem as a mixed integer linear program (MILP). This approach relies on the existence of a statistically valid macroscopic relationship between the aggregate emission rate and the vehicle occupancy on the same link. This relationship is approximated with certain functional forms and the associated uncertainties are handled explicitly using robust optimization (RO) techniques. The RO allows emissions-related constraints and/or objectives to be reformulated as linear forms under mild conditions. To further reduce the computational cost, we employ a link-based LWR model to describe traffic dynamics with the benefit of fewer (integer) variables and less potential traffic holding. The proposed MILP explicitly captures vehicle spillback, avoids traffic holding, and simultaneously minimizes travel delay and addresses emission-related concerns.     

Robust identification of air traffic flow patterns in Metroplex terminal areas under demand uncertainty

Multi-Airport Systems (MAS), or Metroplexes, serve air traffic demand in cities with two or more airports. Due to the spatial proximity and operational interdependency of the airports, Metroplex airspaces are characterized by high complexity, and current system structures fail to provide satisfactory utilization of the available airspace resources. In order to support system-level design and management towards increased operational efficiency in such systems, an accurate depiction of major demand patterns is a prerequisite. This paper proposes a framework for the robust identification of significant air traffic flow patterns in Metroplex systems, which is aligned with the dynamic route service policy for the effective management of Metroplex operations. We first characterize deterministic demand through a spatio-temporal clustering algorithm that takes into account changes in the traffic flows over the planning horizon. Then, in order to handle uncertainties in the demand, a Distributionally Robust Optimization (DRO) approach is proposed, which takes into account demand variations and prediction errors in a robust way to ensure the reliability of the demand identification. The DRO-based approach is applied on pre-tactical (i.e. one-day planning) as well as operational levels (i.e. 2-h rolling horizon). The framework is applied to Time Based Flow Management (TBFM) data from the New York Metroplex. The framework and results are validated by Subject Matter Experts (SMEs).     

船舶航向跟踪系统自适应单神经网络控制

针对船舶航向非线性系统,考虑模型中存在的不确定性和外部干扰等未知项,设计一种基于动态面控制技术和单神经网络技术的自适应控制器。首先引入一阶低通滤波器,避开对虚拟控制律的解析求导,解决了传统后推方法中普遍存在的"计算膨胀"问题;然后将设计控制器过程中出现的未知部分积存到下一步,依此类推,一直到控制器设计的最后一步,仅用一个神经网络逼近器逼近系统中的未知部分;最后把神经网络权值的范数作为唯一的在线估计参数,使在线学习参数的数目显著减少。所设计的控制算法具有计算量小、结构简单及易于工程实现等特点。采用Lyapunov理论证明了系统中的信号都是半全局一致最终有界,示例仿真结果验证了所提算法的有效性。     

磁悬浮列车系统的鲁棒控制分析

分析了ＫＤＣ－Ⅲ型吸力型单转向架磁悬浮列车系统的绝对参考模型，从增强悬浮稳定性的目的出发，提出了运用鲁棒控制方法实现悬浮控制的具体方案，并相应给出了计算机仿真结果。     

Robust Parameter Coordination for Multidisciplinary Design

Introduction The essence of multidisciplinary design pro-cess is how to coordinate all the constraints dis-tributed in various disciplines to maintain the con-sistency between product specifications and designvariables. The functions of coordination are to findpotential conflicts, and to provide valid solutions.Young et al[1,2]studied constraint network formodeling and developed several applicable con-straint systems[3-5]. Kannapan et al[6]introduced adesign diagram to represent parametric des…     

基于潮流转移的后备保护系统容错控制研究

针对威胁电网安全运行的连锁跳闸问题,分析了现有后备保护存在的缺陷,提出了一种基于潮流转移的继电保护系统的鲁棒容错控制方案和用于估算发生潮流转移后电网动态潮流计算方法,提出了鲁棒容错后备保护方案．在新英格兰10机39节点系统运用PSASP进行了潮流转移仿真,结果表明该后备保护方案具有良好的识别潮流转移能力．     

Pick‐up locations and bus allocation for transit‐based evacuation planning with demand uncertainty

This paper develops a decision‐support model for transit‐based evacuation planning under demand uncertainty. Demand uncertainty refers to the uncertainty associated with the number of transit‐dependent evacuees. A robust optimization model is proposed to determine the optimal pick‐up points for evacuees to assemble, and allocate available buses to transport the assembled evacuees between the pick‐up locations and different public shelters. The model is formulated as a mixed‐integer linear program and is solved via a cutting plane scheme. The numerical example based on the Sioux Falls network demonstrates that the robust plan yields lower total evacuation time and is reliable in serving the realized evacuee demand. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

多品种燃油海运库存路径问题鲁棒优化模型与算法

针对需求不确定下的多品种燃油海运库存路径问题(Maritime Inventory Routing Problem, MIRP),提出非专用舱室和非固定停靠供应港的船舶配送策略,通过设置供货商保守系数给定条件下的累积航次多品种燃油不确定需求预算阈值,构建以供货商燃油库存与配送总成本最小化为目标的MIRP非线性鲁棒优化模型,并设计了改进混合自适应遗传算法求解模型。算例结果表明,非专用舱室和船舶非固定停靠配送能有效降低供货商燃油库存与配送总成本;供货商在各需求港关于各品种燃油的保守系数均存在某个不同的恰当值,当保守系数超过恰当值时,客户服务水平变化趋于平缓。研究结论可为供货商多品种燃油MIRP提供决策参考。     

网联车辆编队的鲁棒模型预测控制方法

为研究一类带有结构不确定干扰的网联车辆编队控制问题,考虑结构扰动服从盒式不确定集约束情况,提出一种基于鲁棒对等变换的模型预测编队控制方法。首先,基于车辆运动学状态方程,对传统车辆编队控制模型进行描述;其次,在状态方程中引入仿射结构不确定矩阵,构建最小最大化范式下的网联车辆编队控制模型;然后,在盒式不确定集下,基于鲁棒对等理论将该模型转化为计算上易于处理的上图优化模型;最后,采用序列二次规划算法获得最优编队控制方案,并通过仿真实验将该控制方案与传统车辆编队控制方案进行对比,以此验证模型的有效性。 结果表明：本文提出的最优编队控制方法能够抵御编队系统结构不确定干扰,在实现稳定编队目标的同时保障车辆的编队安全性。     

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枢纽航线网络在设计的过程中,容易受到需求和成本数据发生变化带来的影响。往往造成构建出来的最优网络,在需求发生变化的条件下,与实际对应的最优解存在较大的最低成本优化偏差。为了降低这种网络优化中的不确定性带来的风险,得到在多种可能的需求和成本条件下均可获得较好效果的鲁棒最优解,文中采用了一个多目标优化的遗传算法进行研究。首先将各种不同的需求和成本条件作为需要同时优化的多个目标函数,然后采用一个遗传算法来表示所有可能的枢纽航线网路结构,并搜索多目标优化的鲁棒最优网络解。最后本文对该搜索算法的收敛性进行了证明,数值实验结果表明了算法的有效性。