A structural articulation method for assessing railway bridges subject to dynamic impact loading from track irregularities

This paper discusses the importance of track irregularities in railway bridge design, and presents a new technique for calculating the dynamic impact load induced by such irregularities: the structural articulation method. The properties of the combined bridge-suspension system are coupled through global mass, stiffness, and damping matrices. Under the proposed method, the true suspension system over a particular point on the bridge girder at time t is divided into equivalent suspension systems attributed to adjacent finite-element nodes of the bridge. The time-dependent effects of a moving mass are thereby included in the equation of motion.     

德国不限速高速公路路面平整度评价方法综述

平整度是衡量路面质量、评价行车舒适度的重要指标。德国拥有12.993万km的高速公路，其中约2/3的路段没有速度限制，因此德国交通管理部门对路面的功能性和安全性提出了极高的要求。针对上述课题，首先介绍中国"超级公路"的建设背景和需求，强调德国路面的平整度指标对中国道路建设的重要借鉴意义；然后回顾国内外道路平整度的评价和预测等研究手段与方法，介绍德国基于功率谱密度曲线的平均不平整指数（AUN），分析将功率谱密度曲线转化为高度-波长曲线的优点，叙述考虑人车振动反应的有效平整度指数（LWI），简述加权纵断面评价方法（WLP）的思路和步骤；最后总结德国路面平整度评价体系的发展趋势和对于中国道路平整度研究的借鉴与应用前景。     

表面粗糙度对立管涡激振动响应影响的试验研究

应用模型试验的方法,研究了表面粗糙度对立管涡激振动响应特性的影响规律,对不同粗糙度条件下立管所受拖曳力、升力、端部张力、漩涡泄放频率、结构振动响应频率、位移响应等参数的变化规律进行了对比分析。结果表明：与立管横向振动相比,立管流向振动更早出现锁定现象,因此当折合速度较低时,立管流向振动的涡激振动响应要大于横向振动。立管张力均存在两个峰值频率,其中一个峰值频率为主导频率,与拖曳力主导频率吻合,由流向涡激振动所产生;另一个峰值频率为主导频率的一半,与升力主导频率吻合,由横向涡激振动所产生。因此可以看出：横向涡激振动与流向涡激振动通过张力作用而相互影响。与光滑立管相比,表面粗糙度降低了立管的涡激振动位移响应,减小了涡激振动的锁定区域,但提高了漩涡泄放频率。对于不同粗糙度下的粗糙立管,随着粗糙度的增加,立管的锁定区域开始点逐渐提前,锁定结束点逐渐推迟,锁定区域逐渐变宽。     

邢昔公路提高沥青路面平整度的方法及措施

路面平整度要达到行车舒适这一要求，需要从路基施工准备阶段就开始重视，所有参加公路建设工程的施工单位都有义不容辞的责任，都必须强化施工管理，完善施工工艺和施工方法，提高施工质量，只有这样，才能从源头上、根本上解决问题，使社会效益和社会质量得到保证。     

The use of vehicle acceleration measurements to estimate road roughness

Road roughness is a broad term that incorporates everything from potholes and cracks to the random deviations that exist in a profile. To build a roughness index, road irregularities need to be measured first. Existing methods of gauging the roughness are based either on visual inspections or using one of a limited number of instrumented vehicles that can take physical measurements of the road irregularities. This paper proposes the collection of data from accelerometers fixed in a specific vehicle type and the use of this data to estimate the road condition. Although the estimate is approximate, accelerometers are being increasingly used by car manufacturers to improve suspension performance and the proposed method is relatively inexpensive to implement and provide road managers with constantly updated measurements of roughness. This approach is possible due to the relationship between the power spectral densities of road surface and vehicle accelerations via a transfer function. This paper shows how road profiles can be accurately classified using axle and body accelerations from a range of simulated vehicle–road dynamic scenarios.     

Spectral signature of wave breaking in surface wave components of intermediate-length scale

This paper investigates the length scale of ocean surface breaking waves in the spectral range of intermediate wavelength components a few centimeters to a few meters long. The spectral properties of wave breaking are examined first with the dissipation function of the wave action density conservation equation. The analysis reveals a strong breaking signature in wave components between 0.15 and 1.5 m long in the form of a quasi-singular behavior of the dissipation function using the present formulation of the wind-generation and breaking dissipation functions. Independent studies of more-direct breaking observations of radar tracking of sea spikes in the past have shown close correlation between sea spikes and scatterers traveling at the speed of surface waves a few meters long and much shorter than the dominant wavelength. This feature of sea-spike properties is consistent with the breaking signature of the dissipation function in similar wavelengths. The intermediate-scale waves are the primary contributor of the ocean surface mean-square slope. The close correlation between the gas transfer rate and the mean-square slope has been demonstrated repeatedly. A better understanding of the wave dynamics of intermediate-scale waves is important for clarification of various gas transfer mechanisms.     

车辆荷载作用下大跨桥梁的随机振动

基于随机轨道粗糙度和车桥偶合单元，提出了大跨桥梁移动车辆荷载作用下随机振动的计算模式。采用功率谱密度函数生成随机的轨道粗糙度，车辆模拟为4轴模型，桥梁模拟为梁单元，考虑桥梁的几何非线性，对一座实际大跨斜拉桥的冲击效应进行了研究，并分析了随机样本数目、阻尼及车辆速度的影响。     

车-桥耦合振动条件下T梁桥荷载横向分布分析

通过对车-桥耦合振动力学模型的分析,利用车轮和桥面的位移协调方程将车辆振动方程和桥梁振动方程联立求解并对T梁桥荷载横向分布规律进行了动力分析.结果表明:T梁桥荷载横向分布的动力规律与静力规律相比存在较大差异,荷载横向分布系数为时间的动态变化函数;车-桥耦合振动对于跨中挠度横向分布系数的影响很小,对于跨中梁底正应力横向分布系数、支点剪力横向分布系数的影响则不可忽视;荷载横向分布系数与车辆行驶速度之间虽无明确的变化规律,但是车辆行驶速度对跨中梁底正应力和支点剪力横向分布系数的影响应引起足够的重视;路面不平度等级对荷载横向分布系数的影响较小.     

基于积分法的粗糙壁面湍流边界层发展预测

壁面粗糙度对湍流的影响研究是流体动力学的热点问题。利用边界层积分法对零压力梯度下棱锥形粗糙壁面湍流边界层的发展进行预测分析。首先,以2个几何统计参数对棱锥形的粗糙形态进行描述,通过对试验数据的拟合分析,确定粗糙度函数的具体形式;然后,利用动量积分方程和壁面律求解出粗糙壁面湍流边界层厚度和局部摩擦系数沿流向的变化情况。计算结果与试验数据吻合较好,表明采用积分法预测粗糙壁面湍流边界层的发展精度较高,适于工程应用。     

灰色系统理论预测沥青路面平整度性能模型研究

针对沥青路面平整度性能指标,在原有灰色预测模型的基础上,进行数据二次预测拟合,并结合某高速公路近几年平整度检测资料,对模型及预测结果进行分析研究.