不同动力电池新能源货运配送车辆节能减排绩效评价研究

为研究新能源货运车辆装配不同动力电池对节能减排的影响,选取某款新能源货运配送车辆为研究对象,利用GaBi软件建立了3种常用动力电池的整车生命周期评价模型,从原材料获取、生产制造、装配、运行使用、报废回收5个阶段进行节能减排差异分析,并对全球变暖潜值 （Global Warming Potential,GWP） 等环境影响类型进行归一化处理和量化计算处理。结果表明,分别装配3种电池整车的化石能源消耗以煤炭为主、环境排放以CO2为主;纯电动汽车的能源消耗、污染物排放集中在运行使用阶段;综合比较,装配了三元锂电池的整车,其全生命周期节能减排效果最佳,装配了锰酸锂电池的整车则表现最差。加大清洁能源的使用力度、减少用于电力生产的化石能源消耗、提高回收率等措施,可以显著减少污染物排放。     

Mental models of driving and speed: biases,choices and reality

This paper provides a review of research performed by Svenson with colleagues and others work on mental models and their practical implications. Mental models describe how people perceive and think about the world including covariances and relationships between different variables, such as driving speed and time. Research on mental models has detected the time-saving bias [Svenson, O. (1970). A functional measurement approach to intuitive estimation as exemplified by estimated time savings. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 86, 204–210]. It means that drivers relatively overestimate the time that can be saved by increasing speed from an already high speed, for example, 90–130?km/h, and underestimate the time that can be saved by increasing speed from a low speed, for example, 30–45?km/h. In congruence with this finding, mean speed judgments and perceptions of mean speeds are also biased and higher speeds given too much weight and low speeds too little weight in comparison with objective reality. Replacing or adding a new speedometer in the car showing min per km eliminated or weakened the time-saving bias. Information about braking distances at different speeds did not improve overoptimistic judgments of braking capacity, but information about collision speed with an object suddenly appearing on the road did improve judgments of braking capacity. This is relevant to drivers, politicians and traffic regulators.     

深圳地铁永磁同步牵引系统研究分析

牵引传动系统是轨道交通车辆装备实现机电能量转换的“心脏”单元,其性能在某种程度上决定轨道交通车辆的动力品质、能耗和控制特性,是轨道交通车辆节能升级的关键系统。而永磁同步牵引系统以其高效率、高可靠性和低能耗的优势特点,受到轨道交通行业的密切关注。文章阐述深圳地铁10号线永磁同步牵引系统批量装车概况,重点分析永磁同步牵引系统组成及优势,指出推广应用永磁同步牵引系统的经济和社会效益显著。     

Distributed MPC for cooperative highway driving and energy-economy validation via microscopic simulations

Traffic congestion and energy issues have set a high bar for current ground transportation systems. With advances in vehicular communication technologies, collaborations of connected vehicles have becoming a fundamental block to build automated highway transportation systems of high efficiency. This paper presents a distributed optimal control scheme that takes into account macroscopic traffic management and microscopic vehicle dynamics to achieve efficiently cooperative highway driving. Critical traffic information beyond the scope of human perception is obtained from connected vehicles downstream to establish necessary traffic management mitigating congestion. With backpropagating traffic management advice, a connected vehicle having an adjustment intention exchanges control-oriented information with immediately connected neighbors to establish potential cooperation consensus, and to generate cooperative control actions. To achieve this goal, a distributed model predictive control (DMPC) scheme is developed accounting for driving safety and efficiency. By coupling the states of collaborators in the optimization index, connected vehicles achieve fundamental highway maneuvers cooperatively and optimally. The performance of the distributed control scheme and the energy-saving potential of conducting such cooperation are tested in a mixed highway traffic environment by the means of microscopic simulations.     

2500TEU内贸集装箱船船型开发设计

针对内贸箱船货运近海航行,重箱化及散货集装箱化的需求,对2500TEU级内贸箱船船型的开发思路与各方面的特点作了介绍。该船型具有低航速、大载重吨、高装箱率、快捷牢靠堆装系统的特点,目前已成功升级了第二代2500TEU船型。     

并列双线船闸单侧闸墙长廊道输水系统布置及水力学模型试验研究

长洲三线四线船闸为目前国内规模最大的单级船闸。针对其并列布置方案,提出单侧闸墙主廊道闸底横支廊道的输水系统形式。通过水力计算分析及1∶32的水工模型试验研究,提出输水系统的具体布置,确定船闸不同运行方式下的阀门开启方式,得到输水过程的相关水力特性,解决了单侧闸墙廊道布置下闸室水流分布不均的问题。研究表明:提出的输水系统布置是合理可行的,各水力特征值均满足规范和设计要求,且输水系统布置于两线船闸之间,便于管理,减小了工程量,并可减少船闸耗水量。研究成果可为巨型船闸设计及船闸节水研究提供借鉴。     

论公路运输企业节能管理

公路运输方式作为一种重要的运输方式,对经济发展有着重要的促进作用.探究公路运输企业高耗能的影响因素,并从经营管理结构、燃油考核以及车辆技术情况和节能意识等方面提出公路运输企业节能管理的有效措施,有助于提高企业经济效益.     

国家康居工程给排水及消防设计若干问题探讨

该文介绍了国家康居工程福建晋江兰峰城市花园的给排水及消防工程的设计。针对康居工程的特点和要求,设计中采用分区供水方式、污废水分流、中水回收利用,区域消防系统集中设置屋顶水箱及消防泵房,并采用节水、环保的新产品、新设备,体现绿色、环保、节能的康居住宅的设计理念。     

提高车用发动机能量利用率研究进展

描述了近几年车用汽油机发展的几种新技术,包括GDI和HCCI燃烧技术以及混合动力技术的应用和发展,分析了它们的特点和在节能、环保等方面的作用。介绍了利用发动机排气余热的温差发电技术。论述了利用发动机冷却水余热和排气余热来改善发动机性能的新技术,该技术通过一套发动机后接蒸气动力装置,回收发动机余热能量做功,从而提高发动机能量利用率。探讨了这一新技术的研究内容,展望了它的应用发展前景。     

船舶传染病隔离舱空调系统设计的探讨

介绍了船舶传染病隔离负压舱的空调系统设计的特点和思路,结合一典型传染病舱模型进行空调系统设计,对舱内污染控制分区进行了分区设置,对换气次数、负压值、空调负荷、空气处理等主要技术指标进行了计算和结果分析。结合舱内空调负荷介绍了通风换气设备与节能措施,根据传染病隔离负压舱空调系统的特点选取了相应的热回收装置,并描述了其工作原理和特点。