紧邻既有线城际铁路路基稳定性计算与分析

紧邻既有线城际铁路建设,既需考虑既有线安全运行,又需保证新线按时保质施工。针对既有线路基边坡在新线建设开挖过程中的稳定性问题,模拟现场可能出现的不利工况,采用固结有效应力法等3种方法,计算施工开挖影响下既有线路基稳定性,采用数值分析法对其进行对比验证,并提出对地基处理方式与施工方法的修改建议,对现场施工具有一定的指导意义。     

电铁谐波的“三级评估”方法研究

针对谐波的复杂性,IEC提出"三级评估"原则,其中第三级评估方法对电气化铁路牵引畸变负荷是适用的。本文讨论电气化铁道牵引负荷谐波的考核值(THD)问题,根据中、低电压级电气设备承受谐波能力的裕度,提出采用综合渗透(传递)系数法来制定IEC"三级评估"考核值。以某变电站供电区域的子电网为例,验证了本文所提方法的合理性。     

铁路工程施工招标综合评估法投标报价分析

铁路工程施工招投标主要采用综合评估法,对投标文件进行综合评审答分,并将得分由高到低排列推荐中标候选人。此文在介绍综合评估法和投标报价评分规则的基础上,为便于对投标报价进行分析,假设各投标人均为"理性经济人",且目标一致,采用以各投标人的报价平均值作为各投标人的报价,求解满分区间不等式,得出报价范围,再计算各投标人综合得分。该方法经实例计算验证,较其他评标方法简便、精确,且通用性强,可为以后施工招标进行投标报价分析提供借鉴。     

基于修正容重增加法的加筋土挡墙稳定性分析

在分析容重增加法基本原理和缺陷的基础上,提出容重增加法用于加筋土挡墙稳定性分析时的修正方法,给出容重增加法在FLAC3D中的实现步骤,并进行实例分析。研究结果表明:岩土体容重的增加会导致岩土体力抗剪强度的增大和筋材的抗拔力增加,其应用于加筋土挡墙稳定性分析时应进行必要的修正,证明提出的修正方法是可行且高效的。     

城市轨道交通ATO系统性能指标评价

论述列车自动驾驶(automatic train operation,ATO)系统在城市轨道交通中的应用情况,说明其重要性.为了评价不同厂家提供的ATO系统的综合性能,需要建立一个对ATO系统评价的标准.对ATO系统的运行可靠性、运行效率、旅客舒适度、能耗等进行研究,并建立性能评价模型.利用北京地铁亦庄线ATO系统的实...     

汽车关门声品质主客观维度解构及应用研究

通过对关门声品质主观评价维度进行解构,将关门声的主观感知细分为总体响度、厚重感、紧凑感、精致感4个维度,并采用语义细分法结合等级评价法进行关门声品质的主观感知评价。进一步对声品质评价的大量客观参数进行主客观关联性分析,找到了与关门声品质4个感知维度相关性在0.9以上的对应客观量化指标,分别为峰值响度、低频能量、响度特征谱包络和平均尖锐。结合某乘用车关门声品质的优化案例,对提出的主客观评价方法的合理性进行了验证,结果表明,所建立的主客观评价方法,可以全面表达人对关门声品质的主观感知评价,在车门声品质开发过程中能较准确地诊断问题,对汽车关门声品质的评价与开发具有实际指导意义。     

基于挠度理论的自锚式悬索桥受力特性分析

基于挠度理论,分析了矢跨比、边中跨比、加劲梁竖向抗弯刚度、加劲梁纵坡和整体升降温对两塔三跨自锚式悬索桥结构受力特性的影响。此外,还讨论了加劲梁在轴向压力作用下的稳定性及其极限跨径。分析结果表明：矢跨比越小,主缆拉力越大、加劲梁的轴向压力也越大,而结构的整体刚度越低;边中跨比越大,结构的整体刚度越低,加劲梁在轴向压力作用下的横向稳定性也越差;主缆抗拉刚度或者加劲梁的竖向抗弯刚度越大,结构的整体刚度越大;加劲梁纵坡和整体升降温对结构受力的影响通常较小,可以忽略不计;自锚式悬索桥的极限跨径由加劲梁的横向第一类失稳及其屈服强度共同控制。     

Total cost analysis: An alternative to benefit-cost analysis in evaluating transportation alternatives

This paper explains the theory in support of total cost analysis (TCA) to compare transportation system alternatives. The full costs of each alternative are first aggregated, including travel time costs and monetizable environmental and social costs. Many costs which are considered on the benefits side of the equation in benefit-cost analysis (BCA) as "cost savings" are brought over to the costs side. Total cost differences among alternatives are then traded off against their estimated non-monetized benefits or impacts, just as a consumer trades off product quality against cost before deciding which product he or she will buy. One advantage of TCA over traditional BCA is that the concept of "total cost" is more easily understood by the public and by political decision-makers than BCA concepts such as "net present worth", "benefit-cost ratio" and "internal rate of return". A second advantage is that there is no suggestion that all "benefits" have been considered; decision-makers are free to use their own value judgements to trade off total cost against non-monetizable social, environmental and economic impacts, just as they trade off quality and convenience against cost when purchasing goods and services in their roles as consumers. The TCA approach is demonstrated in this paper through a case study of two systemwide alternatives for the Baltimore, MD urban area.     

Surf-riding and oscillations of a ship in quartering waves

The behavior of a ship encountering large regular waves from astern at low frequency is the object of investigation, with a parallel study of surf-riding and periodic motion paterns. First, the theoretical analysis of surf-riding is extended from purely following to quartering seas. Steady-state continuation is used to identify all possible surf-riding states for one wavelength. Examination of stability indicates the existence of stable and unstable states and predicts a new type of oscillatory surf-riding. Global analysis is also applied to determine the areas of state space which lead to surf-riding for a given ship and wave conditions. In the case of overtaking waves, the large rudder-yaw-surge oscillations of the vessel are examined, showing the mechanism and conditions responsible for loss of controllability at certain vessel headings.List of symbols c wave celerity (m/s) - C(p) roll damping moment (Ntm) - g acceleration of gravity (m/s²) - GM metacentric height (m) - H wave height (m) - I _x ,I _z roll and yaw ship moments of inertia (kg m²) - k wave number (m^–1) - K _H ,K _W ,K _R hull reaction, wave, rudder, and propeller - K _p forces in the roll direction (Ntm) - m ship mass (kg) - n propeller rate of rotation (rpm) - N _H ,N _W ,N _R hull reaction, wave, rudder, and propeller - N _P moments in the yaw direction (Ntm) - p roll angular velocity (rad/s) - r rate-of-turn (rad/s) - R(,x) restoring moment (Ntm) - Res(u) ship resistance (Nt) - t time (s) - u surge velocity (m/s) - U vessel speed (m/s) - v sway velocity (m/s) - W ship weight (Nt) - x longitudinal position of the ship measured from the wave system (m) - x _G ,z _G longitudinal and vertical center of gravity (m) - x _S longitudinal position of a ship section (S), in the ship-fixed system (m) - X _H ,X _W ,X _R hull reaction, wave, rudder, and propeller - X _P forces in the surge direction (Nt) - y transverse position of the ship, measured from the wave system (m) - Y _H ,Y _W ,Y _R hull reaction, wave, rudder, and propeller - Y _p forces in the sway direction (Nt) - z _Y vertical position of the point of action of the lateral reaction force during turn (m) - z _W vertical position of the point of action of the lateral wave force (m) Greek symbols angle of drift (rad) - rudder angle (rad) - wavelength (m) - position of the ship in the earth-fixed system (m) - water density (kg/m³) - angle of heel (rad) - heading angle (rad) - _e frequency of encounter (rad/s) Hydrodynamic coefficients K roll added mass - N _v ,N _r yaw acceleration coefficients - N _v N _r N _rr N _rrv ,N _vvr yaw velocity coefficients K. Spyrou: Ship behavior in quartering waves - X _u surge acceleration coefficient - X _u X _vr surge velocity coefficients - Y _v ,Y _r sway acceleration coefficients - Y _v ,Y _r ,Y _vv ,Y _rr ,Y _vr sway velocity coefficients European Union-nominated Fellow of the Science and Technology Agency of Japan, Visiting Researcher, National Research Institute of Fisheries Engineering of Japan     

刚柔耦合多体车辆操纵稳定性研究

利用多体动力学方法建立了基于ADAMS软件平台的整车刚柔耦合多体系统操纵动力学仿真分析模型。并分别对多刚体模型和刚柔耦合多体模型进行了“转向盘脉冲输入”、“ISO移线”仿真，分析了构件的柔性对汽车操纵稳定性的评价指标值的影响。