大跨径连续刚构桥的温度效应分析

以魏家洲特大桥为例,按照我国公路桥涵设计规范、英国BS5400规范、新西兰规范确定不同的计算模式,对大跨径连续刚构桥进行温度效应分析,得出：温度应力在大跨径连续刚构桥整个桥梁设计中占有很大的比重,且采用不同的温度梯度计算模式,所得到的梁内温度应力值相差较大,甚至出现异号的温度应力.     

沥青混凝土转运车对提高道路施工质量的试验研究

对道路摊铺过程中采用摊铺机直接摊铺作业和采用徐工AT1000A型转运车与摊铺机联合施工作业的试验路面效果进行了对比,分析了摊铺温度场和骨料摊铺效果.结果证明使用沥青混凝土转运车是提高道路施工质量的有效手段.     

营运船舶航行性能和海洋环境监测平台开发验证

EEDI是衡量船舶能效水平的重要指标.由于试验条件限制,目前主要还是依靠模型试验结果对交船测试进行修正换算得到.上海船舶运输科学研究所自主研发了航行性能和海洋环境监测平台,可对营运船舶开展长期跟踪监测,实时收集船舶营运阶段的航行环境和性能参数,通过自动识别航行状态,划分海区、海况和船舶载况等因素对于船舶功率与航速的影响,可获得营运船舶实际EEDI指标,提高EEDI实船验证结果的准确性.监测平台在某万箱级集装箱船进行相关验证,并已展开长期监测.     

广西高速公路生态环境保护对策研究

文章针对广西高速公路生态环境现状,分析当前高速公路环境保护工作中存在的问题,从生态学角度提出了高速公路沿线生态环境建设和保护对策。     

多年冻土区钻孔灌注桩施工过程热力特性研究

钻孔灌注桩水化热会暖化冻土引起桩基承载力下降,以桩基水化热在时间与空间上的影响效应为研究目的,结合青藏公路G214沿线查拉坪旱桥桩基观测数据,分析水化热对地温场的扰动范围以及桩周土回冻时间,给出灌注桩18 d内的养护温度。结果表明:水化热对距桩1.95 m以外地温影响微弱;144 d后桩侧温度降至0℃以下,229 d后桩侧温度低于-0.5℃;2 a后桩侧基本回冻至天然地温,此时承载力已达到设计要求。桩基混凝土养护温度前5 d在10℃以上,5~12 d在5℃以上,12~15 d为2℃以上,15~18 d仍高于0℃。通过数值仿真给出混凝土入模温度及桩基施工时间对桩周温度场的影响,模拟结果显示,该区域的灌注桩施工可以在相应规范规定范围内提高混凝土入模温度;灌注桩施工可以在冷季进行,但要做好5 m以上深度桩基混凝土的温控措施。     

Vehicle kilometers traveled reduction impacts of Transit-Oriented Development: Evidence from Shanghai City

The role of residential self-selection has become a major subject in the debate over the relationships between the built environment and travel behavior. Numerous previous empirical studies on this subject have provided valuable insights into the associations between the built environment and travel behavior. However, the vast majority of the studies were conducted in North American and European cities; yet this research is still in its infancy in most developing countries, including China, where residential and transport choices are likely to be more constrained and travel-related attitudes quite different from those in the developed world. Using the data collected from 2038 residents currently living in TOD neighborhoods and non-TOD neighborhoods in Shanghai City, this paper aims to partly fill the gaps by investigating the causal relationship between the built environment and travel behavior in the Chinese context. More specifically, this paper employs Heckman’s sample selection model to examine the reduction impacts of TOD on personal vehicle kilometers traveled (VKT), controlling for self-selection. The results show that whilst the effects of residential self-selection are apparent; the built environment exhibits the most significant impacts on travel behavior, playing the dominant role. These findings produce a sound basis for local policymakers to better understand the nature and magnitude toward the impacts of the built environment on travel behavior. Providing the government department with reassurance that effective interventions and policies on land use aimed toward altering the built environment would actually lead to meaningful changes in travel behavior.     

Comparing different contour methods with response-based methods for extreme ship response analysis

Environmental contours are often applied in probabilistic structural reliability analysis to identify extreme environmental conditions that may give rise to extreme loads and responses. They facilitate approximate long term analysis of critical structural responses in situations where computationally heavy and time-consuming response calculations makes full long-term analysis infeasible. The environmental contour method identifies extreme environmental conditions that are expected to give rise to extreme structural response of marine structures. The extreme responses can then be estimated by performing response calculations for environmental conditions along the contours.Response-based analysis is an alternative, where extreme value analysis is performed on the actual response rather than on the environmental conditions. For complex structures, this is often not practical due to computationally heavy response calculations. However, by establishing statistical emulators of the response, using machine learning techniques, one may obtain long time-series of the structural response and use this to estimate extreme responses.In this paper, various contour methods will be compared to response-based estimation of extreme vertical bending moment for a tanker. A response emulator based on Gaussian processes regression with adaptive sampling has been established based on response calculations from a hydrodynamic model. Long time-series of sea-state parameters such as significant wave height and wave period are used to construct N-year environmental contours and the extreme N-year response is estimated from numerical calculations for identified sea states. At the same time, the response emulator is applied on the time series to provide long time-series of structural response, in this case vertical bending moment of a tanker. Extreme value analysis is then performed directly on the responses to estimate the N-year extreme response. The results from either method will then be compared, and it is possible to evaluate the accuracy of the environmental contour method in estimating the response. Moreover, different contour methods will be compared.     

Historic vehicles: an overview from a transport policy perspective

Historic vehicles (HVs) are the heritage of road transport that have surprisingly received little attention in the academic literature. This study presents an overview of the literature on HVs, focusing on the three topics that dominate the policy debate on transport: environmental, safety and congestion impacts. We observed that polluting emissions of HVs are per kilometre much higher (often a factor 5 or more) than those of moderns vehicles. The annual average mileage per vehicle per year of HVs is much lower than other vehicles. The lower active and passive safety levels of HVs are compensated by the way these vehicles are driven, resulting in the risk factors per kilometre being roughly equal or lower than other vehicles. The contribution of HVs to congestion is negligible. However, the transport policy discourse is divided on the topic of HVs. More comprehensive and effective laws and regulation are needed to protect this aspect of the heritage of road transport whilst concurrently avoiding or limiting the problems caused by them.     

基于工作过程系统化的汽车车身修复技术课程设计

本文以基于工作过程系统化思想,对汽车车身修复技术课程进行了设计.阐述了本课程基于工作过程系统化的课程设计思路、学习情境设计、课程教学方法及考核方法设计.     

Superpave-13沥青混合料高温稳定性分析

文章结合天水过境高速公路路面实体工程,对不同孔隙率条件下的Super-pave-13高性能沥青混合料进行了车辙试验及SPT试验分析。结果表明,要保证Superpave-13沥青混合料具有较好的高温稳定性,其压实孔隙率应控制在4%～6.5%范围内。