封仓法打捞水下沉箱施工技术

在重力式码头的施工中,由于操作失误或不可控因素的影响,可能导致预制好的沉箱下沉或滑移,在最低潮位时沉箱顶仍在水面以下,无法正常从沉箱内抽水浮起沉箱,从而影响工程的顺利进展,给工程造成巨大的损失。采用预制钢盖板对沉箱进行封仓,然后抽水,利用沉箱自身所受浮力将沉箱浮出水面的方法成功地解决了这个难题。本文对此次打捞施工进行详细的介绍,并总结处理类似情况的方法、经验和注意事项。     

蛙人探测声纳在水下安保的技术实现

结合水下反恐需求,讨论蛙人探测声纳在水下安保方面的重要性。介绍了国外已公开的蛙人探测声纳;对国内两家单位共同开发的最新型蛙人探测声纳开展研究,并阐述其运用到的先进技术。在此基础上展望蛙人探测声纳在水下安保反恐方面的发展前景。     

水下工程耐压结构安全系数可靠性计算

根据水下工程结构承载的特点和影响安全系数的各主要静态因素的随机分布,对应力和强度正态模式中的可靠性安全系数公式进行简化,并针对水下工程典型舱段结构和基本安全系数进行可靠性计算,为实际工程结构确定性安全系数的制定提供了参考方法和依据。     

下穿黄河砂卵石地层盾构隧道管片结构受力特征现场测试

为研究砂卵石地层中管片的力学行为,以兰州地铁1号线穿黄段为研究对象,采用改良的测试传感器走线方式,对管片内力及外部水压力进行现场测试,并进行相应的数值模拟。将现场测试数据与数值模拟结果对比分析,得出如下结论:1)外部水压力及管片内力受盾构施工影响最为显著的范围为距掌子面3~5环,在此范围内应加强对受拉区的监测,并采取相应措施防止管片在施工初期破损;2)外部水压力及管片内力在距掌子面6~13环时受施工影响逐渐降低,距掌子面13环后趋于稳定;3)运用梁-弹簧模型设计管片是偏于安全的,但应充分考虑施工荷载。     

水下不分散混凝土抗冲刷临界流速和凸起障碍物影响

针对水下不分散混凝土抗冲刷性能,开展室内模型试验,得出8种典型抗分散剂掺量条件下水下不分散混凝土的抗冲刷临界流速。基于OpenFOAM的有限高度圆柱绕流三维数值模拟,分析凸起障碍物对水下不分散混凝土局部冲刷的影响机制。结果表明,增加抗分散剂掺量和减少单位用水量可以提高水下不分散混凝土的抗冲刷性能,HF-III型抗分散剂的效果比UWB-II型抗分散剂的抗冲刷效果好;凸起障碍物周围以及下游易发生局部冲刷;与松散沙床上圆柱周围的冲刷坑相比,水下不分散混凝土的冲刷坑范围较小,深度较浅,且主要位于圆柱的下游。     

膜袋围堰在客专桥梁基础施工中的运用

杭甬铁路客运专线HYZQ-1标段桥梁地处萧绍平原河网化地区,桥址范围内水塘河流密布,大量的水中墩台制约着施工的进度,设计方案为搭设栈桥平台施工孔桩基础及便桥通过河道,施工需投入大量的措施费用。通过膜袋围堰的运用施工水中桥梁基础,改变了使用栈桥平台投资大,使用草袋围堰施工慢、安全性差等缺点,在保证快速施工、节约成本方面为客专桥梁水中基础施工提供了借鉴。     

新型水下储油技术

针对南海百米左右水深边际油田的开发，提出了一种新型的适用于可移动生产储油平台的水下储油方式。介绍了方案的基本配置、工作流程及维温方式。通过设置不同功能的舱室和布置监测仪器，保留了油水置换低投资的主要优点，避免了环境污染。各种设备位于水面以上，维护方便。基本解决了制约工程应用的技术问题。     

机械法联络通道施工自动导向及监测技术

机械法施工作为当今联络通道施工的发展方向,一方面因测量通道空间狭小和测站不规则位移等原因,其施工导向测量手段仍然停留在人工测量阶段,降低了机械法的施工效率;另一方面为掘进面附近受力管片的位移监测也多为人工方法,难以满足监测时效性的需求。为了同步解决机械法联络通道施工导向测量和监测的问题,开发了一套机械法联络通道自动导向系统。该系统基于高精度光纤陀螺的指北原理,采用光纤陀螺与双轴倾斜仪和目标棱镜组合构成导向靶,通过巧妙布设的基准棱镜和监测棱镜,在自动导向的同时也能够实现管片位移监测。     

Active control for installation of underwater structures

The trend towards deepwater development requires a new approach to underwater installation of offshore structures. The present method using crane vessels has some drawbacks in operations at more than 2000 m depth. The natural period of the coupled system of the rigged structure and the crane vessel becomes longer, so that it is no longer possible to manipulate the cranes to achieve the desired positioning accuracy. This paper examines the application of an active control technique for underwater installations as one of the solutions to the present problems. An active control technique also has the advantage that it can deal with the structural flexibility which allows the structure to be large and light-weight. This structural flexibility imposes problems of suppressing the elastic responses and securing the stability of the control system. In this paper, anH _∞ controller combined with a low authority control/high authority control (LAC/HAC) feedback controller is designed for cases where structural flexibility cannot be ignored. A robust model-following controller is examined for cases where the structure can be treated as rigid. In order to confirm the control algorithm and verify the possibility of the active control installation method, basin tests are executed using two types of neutrally buoyant flexible models with ultrasound ranging systems and thrusters.     

Phase change analysis of an underwater glider propelled by the ocean's thermal energy

The phase change characteristic of the power source of an underwater glider propelled by the ocean's thermal energy is the key factor in glider attitude control. A numerical model has been established based on the enthalpy method to analyze the phase change heat transfer process under convective boundary conditions. Phase change is not an isothermal process,but one that occurs at a range of temperature. The total melting time of the material is very sensitive to the surrounding temperature. When the temperature of the surroundings decreases 8 degrees,the total melting time increases 1.8 times. But variations in surrounding temperature have little effect on the initial temperature of phase change,and the slope of the temperature time history curve remains the same. However,the temperature at which phase change is completed decreases significantly. Our research shows that the phase change process is also affected by container size,boundary conditions,and the power source's cross sectional area. Materials stored in 3 cylindrical containers with a diameter of 38mm needed the shortest phase change time. Our conclusions should be helpful in effective design of underwater glider power systems.