绕流涡街及涡街流量计流场数值仿真

基于涡街理论,分别对圆形阻流体、正方形阻流体和三角形阻流体所形成的涡街场进行仿真研究,同时对三种阻流体对应的涡街流量计进行数值仿真,分析流量计中应变片对三种阻流体流场压力和速度的影响.结果表明,应变片改变了流场振荡的频率,三角形涡街流量计的压力损失最小.     

通道内矩形涡对涡发生器强化换热的数值研究

用数值模拟方法研究了在矩形通道底壁安装矩形涡产生器对(RWP)时纵向涡对层流换热的影响.在雷诺数变化范围为500~7 000,通道底壁安装RWP和不安装RWP两种情况下,比较了流体流动和换热性能.同时对涡产生器的高度和攻角对表面换热性能的影响也做了研究.结果表明:通道的底壁安装RWP可以显著提高换热性,雷诺数越大,换热性越强.随着涡产生器高度的增大,换热性增强,但阻力系数会急剧增加.当攻角为29°时,强化换热效果是最强的.     

沿河公路路基冲失水毁机制

沿河路基冲失水毁是路基岩土体抗冲失能力与路基近壁水流冲失作用相互对抗的宏观表象。以路基岩土体起动切应力量化路基抗冲失能力,以近壁水流切应力量化河道水流对路基的冲失作用,通过二者大小对比计算路基冲失水毁。从微观紊流力学分析沿河路基冲失水毁的营力机制或动力来源,认为微观紊流漩涡是沿河路基冲失的基础,宏观次生环流、主流顶冲等是沿河路基冲失的助动力。从微观泥沙运动力学出发,采用水动力模型计算沿河路基冲失宽度。根据路基冲失宽度将沿河公路冲失水毁灾情等级分为四级,并提出了对应的路基冲失水毁抢修工作建议。     

固定海床上海底管跨顺向和横向耦合振动实验研究

虽然对于圆柱体结构涡激振动问题的研究很多,但是对于海床近壁影响下海底管跨顺向和横向耦合涡激振动特征了解的还相当少。文章在波流水槽中开展了实验研究工作,对固定海床上海底管跨顺向和横向耦合振动进行了探索。实验模型由一根长2.6m,外径为16mm,壁厚为0.3mm的钢管制作而成,模型质量比为2.62。实验间隙比为2.0、4.0、6.0和8.0。模型的动力响应采用光纤光栅应变传感器测量,每个振动方向沿模型管线长度方向均匀布置四个传感器。利用模态分析方法对应变数据进行处理得到模型的振动位移响应,进而分析得到振动频率、响应幅值、模态特征等数据。对不同间隙比条件下管线横截面运动曲线沿管长的变化以及随流速的变化进行考察,发现对于e/D>2.0,运动曲线表现为常见的8字形,但是对于e/D=2.0,横截面运动曲线表现为泪滴形图样。各间隙比条件下顺向振动频率与横向振动频率的比值大部分集中在2.0附近,证实了对于锁定范围内的流速,顺向振动频率是横向振动频率的2倍。     

On the mechanism of the bursting phenomena of propeller tip vortex cavitation

 The bursting phenomenon of tip vortex cavitation of a propeller sometimes causes severe high-frequency vibration, but its mechanism has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we carried out model experiments by changing the propellers, wake distributions, thrust coefficients, and cavitation numbers parametrically, examined the bursting phenomenon with a high-speed video camera, and measured the pressure fluctuations caused by the phenomenon. We also measured flow distribution around the tip vortex. As a result, we found that in the bursting phenomenon, large pressure fluctuations occurred twice, and that they strongly depended on the wake distribution. Two means were suggested to suppress the bursting phenomenon, other than changing the wake distribution: stabilizing tip vortex cavitation or reducing the cavity volume. Numerical fluid simulations around a propeller in noncavitating, unsteady conditions were also conducted, and the strength of the tip vortex along the circumference and its derivative were examined. As a result, the phenomena were parameterized by the time derivative of the strength of the tip vortex, and if it was higher than a threshold value, the tip vortex cavitation burst. Therefore, it is possible to predict the occurrence of the bursting phenomenon by numerical analysis. Received: November 6, 2001 / Accepted: January 24, 2002     

三维机翼尾涡面卷曲的数值模拟

采用离散涡环法来模拟三维机翼的升力效应，机翼尾涡面由双曲四边形面元进行离散．每个面元上布置线性偶极子分布，由尾涡面上的运动学条件来确定三维涡面卷曲形状，在诱导速度计算中引入了非奇异化的光滑参数，数值模拟结果显示了本方法的有效性，与试验结果和其他数值方法相比是吻合的．     

凸台对多载荷AUV载荷段阻力的影响

为了研究凸台对多载荷AUV载荷段的阻力影响,基于SST k-ω湍流模型,分别对原始模型和带凸台结构模型进行了流场的数值计算.通过分析凸台截面形状及尺寸对流场的影响,研究了凸台减阻机理.结果表明,尾部凸台的出现能够避免过早的发生流体分离,降低模型尾部形成的尾涡强度和尺度,从而减小模型的压差阻力,达到减阻效果.并且,圆柱形凸台的减阻效果并不是随着尾部凸台的直径和长度增加而单调增加,而是有一个较合适的直径及长度进行匹配,从而达到最佳的减阻效果;半球形凸台对模型减阻效果很好,但在一定范围内减阻效果不随直径的增加而增强;组合型凸台的减阻效果比单纯圆柱形凸台和半球形凸台都要好,减阻量可以达到50％以上.     

随行波仿生减阻材料几何形状的模拟数值计算

为配合研制船用喷涂聚脲仿生减阻材料,用CFD模拟数值计算所设计的材料表面的涡街随行波几何形状,确定出能稳定留驻旋涡的仿海豚皮肤表面微型凹凸起伏的具体尺寸.     

终端空域尾流间隔缩减研究综述

改进与完善尾流间隔标准是提高终端空域容量,保障终端空域安全运行的重要措施.分析、总结了国内外缩减尾流间隔技术,指出实现尾流间隔缩减的途径有2类,一类是偏置进近程序,着重于后机避开前机的尾流影响区域;另一类是动态尾流预测模型,致力于将前机尾流对后机的影响控制在可容忍的范围之内.通过分析国内外尾流间隔缩减系统的结构组成及应用情况,指出目前研究的热点集中于动态尾流预测.并重点分析了尾流预测与尾流遭遇2个核心模块;通过快速准确地预测尾流的产生与演变,评估尾流的严重性,能够给出安全、合理的尾流间隔.提出未来研究的发展方向.      

旋涡影响下的振动翼水动力性能

Fish are able to make good use of vortices. In a complex flow field, many fish continue to maintain both efficient cruising and maneuverability. Traditional man-made propulsion systems perform poorly in complex flow fields. With fish-like propulsion systems, it is important to pay more attention to complex flow fields. In this paper, the influence of vortices on the hydrodynamic performance of 2-D flapping-foils was investigated. The flapping-foil heaved and pitched under the influence of inflow vortices generated by an oscillating D-section cylinder. A numerical simulation was run based the finite volume method, using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software FLUENT with Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations applied. In addition, dynamic mesh technology and post processing systems were also fully used. The calculations showed four modes of interaction. The hydrodynamic performance of flapping-foils was analyzed and the results compared with experimental data. This validated the numerical simulation, confirming that flapping-foils can increase efficiency by absorbing energy from inflow vortices.