Influence of fastener stiffness mutation in ballastless track on dynamic characteristics of high-speed trainsEI北大核心

Research purposes: The elasticity for the ballastless track structure is mainly provided by the fastening system. During the construction and maintenance of ballastless track on high-speed railway, the incorrect installation and the unreasonable transition between the old and new rail-pads may occur to the fasteners, which will cause a stiffness mutation for the fasteners. Even though this problem can hardly be found under the static condition, it can have a great effect on the stability and safety for the high-speed vehicle operation. Here different conditions for the fastener stiffness mutation are considered, according to the actually measured data. And the influence of fastener stiffness mutation on the dynamic performance of high-speed vehicle and track is calculated and analyzed by using the vertically coupled vehicle-ballastless track-subgrade vibration spatial model and the finite element software ANSYS/LS-DYNA. Research conclusions: The calculation and analysis results show that: (1) When there is a local mutation for the stiffness of fasteners, the maximum and minimum of vehicle acceleration basically keep the same. That is to say, the fastener stiffness mutation has few influence on the stability of vehicle operation. (2) The fastener stiffness mutation has much obvious effect on the wheel load reduction rate, which is related to the safety of vehicle operation. Further, when the train speed is larger than 300 km/h, the fastener stiffness mutation will directly cause the wheel load reduction rate to exceed the standard. (3) This research results can be used to provide a theoretical basis for monitoring the fastener stiffness in construction or repairing and establishing the strict control standards in high-speed railway.     

钢的冶金缺陷与汽车紧固件的失效分析

通过对汽车紧固件在装配和使用中发生的断裂，掉头及开裂等失效现象进行的分析表明，钢材冶金缺陷汽车紧固失效的重要原因，保证原材料质量，防止各种冶金缺陷的产生，是提高汽车紧固件质量和使用性能的主要途径之一。     

桥上纵连板式无砟轨道无缝线路力学性能分析

基于有限元法,考虑钢轨、无砟道床、滑动层、桥梁等结构的相互作用关系,建立桥上纵连板式无砟轨道无缝线路纵-横-垂向空间耦合模型,进行滑动层摩擦系数、扣件纵向阻力、无砟道床伸缩刚度等对桥上纵连板式无砟轨道无缝线路的受力和变形影响规律的研究.结果表明:滑动层减弱了桥梁、轨道间的相互作用,当滑动层摩擦系数为0.1～0.5时,无缝线路伸缩力仅为22.821～55.361 kN,远小于一般桥上无缝线路结构;滑动层摩擦系数越小越有利于轨道和桥梁结构的安全使用;底座板/轨道板的伸缩刚度减小会明显增大部分轨道和桥梁的受力,伸缩刚度折减至10％时,伸缩力会增大近6倍,因此应该注意控制底座板和轨道板的开裂现象;扣件的纵向阻力变化对轨道和桥梁结构的受力和变形几乎没有影响,但为了防止钢轨爬行或断缝值超限,扣件阻力不宜太小.     

WJ-8型扣件刚度温变规律及其影响研究

为揭示温度对扣件性能的影响规律,以WJ-8型扣件为研究对象,试验分析WJ-8A、WJ-8B型扣件刚度随温度的变化规律;另外,通过建模分析WJ-8A、WJ-8B型扣件温变刚度对行车安全性及平稳性的影响。研究结果表明:(1)温度高于-20℃时,WJ-8A、WJ-8B型扣件静刚度值保持稳定;温度低于-20℃时,扣件静刚度随着温度的降低急剧增大;(2)-60~70℃范围内,温度越低,轮重减载率越大,但均未超过0.6的安全值,行车安全性能够得到保证;(3)-60~70℃范围内,Sperling舒适度指标保持稳定,列车平稳性能够得到保证;(4)速度越高,轮重减载率越大,Sperling舒适度指标越大,速度的增高会使行车安全性及平稳性变差。     

Creep investigations on adhesively bonded fasteners developed for offshore steel structures

Fastening or reinforcement onto an existing steel structure may create constraints such as the use of hot works (i.e. welding) or loss of weathertightness (i.e. drilling holes and bolting). In order to limit these constraints, there may be a strong interest in using adhesively bonded fasteners. Such a solution requires however strong justification especially regarding long-term properties. This paper presents the results of experimental and numerical investigations realized on the creep behaviour of such bonded fasteners developed for offshore steel structures. Experimental investigations were conducted at room temperature following a precise and repeatable implementation protocol. The results of the various investigations revealed a non-linear evolution of creep displacements according to a Burger law. Numerical modelling has therefore been developed on the basis of Burger's law. A preliminary static study aimed at validating the geometric model and analyzing the initial stress state in the adhesive. The creep study was then carried out to compare numerical results to experimental ones. Although additional investigations are needed, numerically determined creep displacements demonstrated a good consistency with the experimental investigations.     

摩托车零部件材料及热处理工艺的发展

摩托车零部件品质的优劣直接关系到摩托车的使用寿命,而发动机零部件、传动齿轮用钢、轴承及紧固件材料及热处理则是保证摩托车使用寿命和可靠性的基础,同时也是改善摩托车性能、提高运行效率的重要途径。在摩托车运行故障中约60％是因为零部件问题引起的,对发动机零部件不仅要求有很高的抗疲劳强度和屈服比,还要有很高的冲击性能,摩托车制造难点之一也在于零部件热处理工艺。     

一种实用型手动涂胶工具的设计及应用

文章通过设计专用的涂胶工具来解决传统锥形滴头涂胶方式存在的涂胶不均匀、胶料浪费、涂胶效率低等问题。涂胶工具采用一种全新的胶瓶注头,通过注头注入螺纹孔或螺柱表面的方式,实现了快速手动涂胶。通过近几年在汽车装配工厂的应用,涂胶质量和装配效率有了明显提升。     

基于连续弹性基础梁模型的扣件动刚度测试方法

为确定服役状态下的轨道扣件动刚度,将钢轨视为置于连续弹性基础上的简支梁,推导扣件动刚度计算式,提出基于连续弹性基础梁模型的扣件动刚度测试方法,对某服役状态下的高铁线路轨道扣件动刚度进行测试.结果 表明:扣件动刚度由钢轨1阶弯曲振动的频率和参振长度、钢轨的单位长度质量和抗弯刚度以及扣件的支承间距决定,当轨道结构确定时扣件...     

极寒状态下扣件胶垫刚度温变特性及影响研究

以莫喀高铁为工程背景,以WJ-8型扣件胶垫为对象,测试胶垫静刚度随温度降低的变化,分析胶垫刚度的温变特性;建立车辆-轨道垂向耦合系统动力学模型,分析在-48℃和20℃两种温度下胶垫静刚度对高铁列车以400 km/h的速度运行所产生的动力响应的影响规律。结果表明:轨下胶垫的刚度随温度降低而增大,-48℃时的静刚度相比20℃时增幅51.1%;不同环境温度下,车辆运行平稳性受到影响较小而轮对垂向振动加速度受到影响较大;低温条件下垂向轮轨力和轮重减载率较常温时前者增幅8.19%而后者增幅达14.13%;因在-48℃低温条件下轮重减载率已接近于限值,为保证车辆运行安全性,建议采用耐低温类型的扣件胶垫。     

基于代价敏感卷积神经网络的扣件缺陷检测算法

为解决扣件数据集不平衡问题,引入代价敏感策略对卷积神经网络算法进行改进,并以此检测断裂、丢失的缺陷扣件。该算法借鉴AdaBoost算法的思路,在训练过程中对整体误差函数中每个样本分配不同的权重,并依据先前模型的错误率不断地加以调整,使算法关注各个类别中的难学习样本,并对调整后的权重按类别进行归一化处理,以增大小类样本的关注度。分别在高速铁路无砟轨道和普速铁路有砟轨道2个扣件数据集上进行对照试验验证算法的有效性。引入G-mean作为评价指标平衡不同类别的召回率。结果表明:将改进后算法应用于高速铁路无砟和普速铁路有砟轨道的扣件数据集,改进后算法的G-mean值比原算法分别提高10%和25%以上;比传统的扣件识别方法分别提高13%和39%以上。