城市交通系统通行性影响因素及计算理论

文章分析了震后城市交通系统通行性的影响因素,提出了包含路段单元通行概率、路段连通概率及路网连通概率的城市交通系统通行性计算理论,为城市路网的连通可靠性评价提供参考。     

Evaluating Flexible Transport Solutions

Abstract

Flexible transport services (FTS) have been of increasing interest in developing countries as a bridge between the use of personal car travel and fixed route transit services. This paper reports on findings from a recent study in Queensland Australia, which identified lessons from an international review and implications for Australia. Potential strategic directions, including a vision, mission, key result areas, strategies, and identified means of measuring performance are described. Evaluation criteria for assessing flexible transport proposals were developed, and approaches to identifying and assessing needs and demands outlined. The use of emerging technologies is also a key element of successful flexible transport services.     

Stability and bifurcation in network traffic flow: A Poincaré map approach

Previous studies have shown that, in a diverge-merge network with two intermediate links (the DM network), the kinematic wave model always admits stationary solutions under constant boundary conditions, but periodic oscillations can develop from empty initial conditions. Such contradictory observations suggest that the stationary states be unstable. In this study we develop a systematic approach to investigate the stability property of stationary states in this and other networks within the framework of network kinematic wave theories. Based on the observation that kinematic waves propagate in a circular path when only one of the two intermediate links is congested, we derive a one-dimensional, discrete Poincaré map in the out-flux at a Poincaré section. We then prove that the fixed points of the Poincaré map correspond to stationary flow-rates on the two links. With Lyapunov’s first method, we demonstrate that the Poincaré map can be finite-time stable, asymptotically stable, or unstable. When unstable, the map is found to have periodical points of period two, but no chaotic solutions. We further analyze the bifurcation in the stability of the Poincaré map caused by varying route choice proportions. We apply the Poincaré map approach to analyzing traffic patterns in more general (DM)ⁿ and beltway networks, which are sufficient and necessary structures for network-induced unstable traffic and gridlock, respectively. This study demonstrates that the Poincaré map approach can be efficiently applied to analyze traffic dynamics in any road networks with circular information propagation and provides new insights into unstable traffic dynamics caused by interactions among network bottlenecks.     

Closed-form multiclass cell transmission model enhanced with overtaking,lane-changing,and first-in first-out properties

A novel multiclass macroscopic model is proposed in this article. In order to enhance first-in, first-out property (FIFO) and transmission function in the multiclass traffic modeling, a new multiclass cell transmission model with FIFO property (herein called FM-CTM) is extended from its prior multiclass cell transmission model (M-CTM). Also, to enhance its analytical compactness and resultant computational convenience, FM-CTM is formulated in this paper as a set of closed-form matrix equations. The objective is to improve the accuracy of traffic state estimation by enforcing FIFO property when a fast vehicle cannot overtake a slow vehicle due to a limitation of a single-lane road. Moreover, the proposed model takes into account a different priority for vehicles of each class to move forward through congested road conditions, and that makes the flow calculation independent from their free-flow speeds. Some hypothetical and real-world freeway networks with a constant or varying number of lanes are selected to verify FM-CTM by comparing with M-CTM and the conventional CTM. Observed densities of VISSIM and real-world dataset of I-80 are selected to compare with the simulated densities from the three CTMs. The numerical results show that FM-CTM outperforms the other two models by 15% of accuracy measures in most cases. Therefore, the proposed model is expected to be well applicable to the road network with a mixed traffic and varying number of lanes.     

Rice公式外推桥梁荷载效应

在当今,如何对桥梁进行合理评估已成为桥梁工作者的一个重要课题。而在桥梁评估过程中,科研工作者往往需要定量描述评估周期内某座桥梁的交通车辆荷载大小,一般用荷载效应描述。就此根据动态称重系统实测的107国道路段交通荷载数据产生的模拟车流对评估周期内荷载效应极值的计算方法进行了初步研究,以各种跨径简支梁为例,利用Rice外推理论外推各个观测周期的荷载效应极值,并以此作为建立评估荷载模型的基础。     

潭邵高速公路软土地基承载力参数灰色关联研究

从地基土的物理力学性质出发,选用潭邵高速公路工程具有典型意义的两个工点作为软土地基钻探取样与原位的试验点,利用灰色系统的理论方法—灰色关联分析法,对软土地基承载力的影响因素进行量化分析,研究结果表明:轻型动力触探击数对承载力大小变化最为敏感,其次为软土的天然密度、压缩模量、粘聚力和塑性指数,而天然含水量、孔隙比和液性指数相对较不敏感。     

基于突变级数法的振动压路机选型方法

基于突变理论,提出了振动压路机选型的突变级数法。首先对评价目标进行多层次分解及数据的归一化处理;然后构建突变模糊隶属函数,并计算突变模糊隶属函数值;最后计算总突变级数值,据此对振动压路机进行优选。研究表明,该方法可靠性高、客观性强,为工程实践提供了一条新思路。     

CRC＋AC复合式路面结构层厚度对温度效应及车辙变形的影响

针对连续配筋混凝土与沥青混凝土（CRC＋AC）复合式路面结构的特点和现有研究的不足,运用断裂力学理论和有限元法,计算了CRC层的最大温度梯度、车辙深度、温度裂缝的扩展强度,分析了结构层厚度与CRC层的最大温度梯度、车辙深度、温度裂缝扩展强度的关系。结果表明：AC层厚度一般在不小于4cm时才能起到降低CRC层顶面最大温度的作用;CRC层的最大温度梯度随AC层和CRC层厚度的增加而递减;车辙深度随着AC层厚度的增加而递增;AC层厚度的增加能有效减小温度裂缝的扩展,其他结构层厚度对温度裂缝的扩展强度影响不大。研究结果可为合理设计CRC＋AC复合式路面的结构层厚度提供参考。     

基于GM（1，1）模型的高速公路边坡变形预测

基于边坡变形监测信息具有一定的灰色特征,应用灰色系统理论的原理和方法,建立了边坡变形预测等步长与非等步长GM（1,1）预测模型。采用GM（1,1）模型对衡桂高速公路某典型边坡段测斜管监测变形监测数据进行预测,预测结果与实测结果较为一致,表明了本文建立的灰色预测模型具有较好的可行性和适用性。     

基于GM(1,1)模型的膨胀土填料CBR指标快速确定方法

开挖膨胀土能否直接用作填料需跟踪开展CBR试验,而试件浸水需4 d将妨碍路堤填筑新技术的工程应用,有必要研究快速获取膨胀土CBR指标的方法。对百色膨胀土按改进CBR试验方法进行试验,设定不同时刻测试试件的变形和强度值,分析得到2指标的浸水时间效应及其变化规律;引入灰色理论中带1阶加权平均弱化缓冲算子的GM(1,1)模型,对测试结果做了指标值的预测和分析。结果表明,用浸水1 d试件的膨胀变形实测值可预测其浸水4 d的实际值,精度能满足工程要求且偏安全。据此,总结并提出膨胀土填料的改进CBR指标快速确定方法。